The present disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, materials kits for three-dimensional printing, and methods of making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a pore-promoting agent. The fusing agent can include water and a radiation absorber. The radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat. The pore-promoting agent can include water and a water-soluble pore-promoting compound. The pore-promoting compound can chemically react at an elevated temperature to generate a gas.

The present disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, materials kits for three-dimensional printing, and methods of making three-dimensional printed articles. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a pore-promoting agent. The fusing agent can include water and a radiation absorber. The radiation absorber can absorb radiation energy and convert the radiation energy to heat. The pore-promoting agent can include water and a water-soluble pore-promoting compound. The pore-promoting compound can chemically react at an elevated temperature to generate a gas.

An ink composition contains a light-blocking agent (A), a cationically polymerizable compound (B), a photoacid generator (C) and a sensitizer (D). The volume concentration of the light-blocking agent (A) with respect to the total volume of solids in the ink composition is 0.3% to 12%. The cationically polymerizable compound (B) contains a metal element-containing compound (B1) that has a cationically polymerizable group and a hydrolyzable group. The content of the metal element-containing compound (B1) is 5 parts by mass to 80 parts by mass if all the solids in the ink composition are taken as 100 parts by mass. The sensitizer (D) contains a compound (D1) that has an anthracene skeleton.

An ink composition contains a light-blocking agent (A), a cationically polymerizable compound (B), a photoacid generator (C) and a sensitizer (D). The volume concentration of the light-blocking agent (A) with respect to the total volume of solids in the ink composition is 0.3% to 12%. The cationically polymerizable compound (B) contains a metal element-containing compound (B1) that has a cationically polymerizable group and a hydrolyzable group. The content of the metal element-containing compound (B1) is 5 parts by mass to 80 parts by mass if all the solids in the ink composition are taken as 100 parts by mass. The sensitizer (D) contains a compound (D1) that has an anthracene skeleton.

Disclosed are a method for producing carbon quantum dots having color change based on a cumulative amount of exposure thereof to UV light, and to a color change sensor including the same that indicates a cumulative UV amount. The method for producing the carbon quantum dots include performing solvothermal reaction on blue inkjet printer dye, urea and an organic solvent in a high pressure reactor.

Disclosed are a method for producing carbon quantum dots having color change based on a cumulative amount of exposure thereof to UV light, and to a color change sensor including the same that indicates a cumulative UV amount. The method for producing the carbon quantum dots include performing solvothermal reaction on blue inkjet printer dye, urea and an organic solvent in a high pressure reactor.

A radiation curable white inkjet ink including at least 18.5 wt % of white pigment and 0 to 35 wt % of organic solvent, both weight percentages based on the total weight of the radiation curable white inkjet ink and a polymerizable composition containing 0 to 15.0 wt % of one or more polyfunctional polymerizable compounds, and at least 85.0 wt % of one or more monofunctional polymerizable compounds; and a specific polymerizable composition.

A radiation curable white inkjet ink including at least 18.5 wt % of white pigment and 0 to 35 wt % of organic solvent, both weight percentages based on the total weight of the radiation curable white inkjet ink and a polymerizable composition containing 0 to 15.0 wt % of one or more polyfunctional polymerizable compounds, and at least 85.0 wt % of one or more monofunctional polymerizable compounds; and a specific polymerizable composition.

Provided is an aqueous inkjet ink, including: a colorant; a water-soluble organic solvent; a surfactant; and water, wherein the water-soluble organic solvent includes a diol having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and a hexylene glycol, and the surfactant includes an acetylenediol having an HLB value of 10 or less.

Provided is an aqueous inkjet ink, including: a colorant; a water-soluble organic solvent; a surfactant; and water, wherein the water-soluble organic solvent includes a diol having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and a hexylene glycol, and the surfactant includes an acetylenediol having an HLB value of 10 or less.