A method of forming a coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high efficiency transfer applicator. The method includes identifying at least one of an Ohnesorge number (Oh) for the coating composition, a Reynolds number (Re) for the coating composition, or a Deborah number (De) for the coating composition. The method includes obtaining at least one of a viscosity (η) of the coating composition, a surface tension (σ) of the coating composition, a density (ρ) of the coating composition, a relaxation time (λ) of the coating composition, a nozzle diameter (D) of the high efficiency transfer applicator, or an impact velocity (v) of the high efficiency transfer applicator. The method includes forming the coating composition having at least one of the viscosity (η), the surface tension (σ), or the density (ρ). The coating composition is configured to be applied to the substrate utilizing the high efficiency transfer applicator having at least one of the nozzle diameter (D) or the impact velocity (v).

A coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is provided herein. The coating composition includes monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric compounds having a number average molecular weight of from about 400 to about 20,000 and having a free-radically polymerizable double bond. The coating composition further includes a photo initiator. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6. The coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200. The coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.

A coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator is provided herein. The coating composition includes monomeric, oligomeric, or polymeric compounds having a number average molecular weight of from about 400 to about 20,000 and having a free-radically polymerizable double bond. The coating composition further includes a photo initiator. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6. The coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200. The coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.

A coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator. The coating composition includes a carrier and a binder comprising an elastomeric resin in an amount of at least 50 weight %, wherein the elastomeric resin has an Elongation to Break of at least 500% according to DIN 53 504. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6. The coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200. The coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.

A coating composition for application to a substrate utilizing a high transfer efficiency applicator. The coating composition includes a carrier and a binder comprising an elastomeric resin in an amount of at least 50 weight %, wherein the elastomeric resin has an Elongation to Break of at least 500% according to DIN 53 504. The coating composition has an Ohnesorge number (Oh) of from about 0.01 to about 12.6. The coating composition has a Reynolds number (Re) of from about 0.02 to about 6,200. The coating composition has a Deborah number (De) of from greater than 0 to about 1730.

There are provided a dispersion composition containing: (A) from 85 to 99.89% by weight of a dispersant (except for the following (B) and (C)); (B) from 0.01 to 5% by weight of an acetylene glycol and/or an acetylene glycol ethoxylate; and (C) from 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or two or more types selected from polyoxy (ethylene-propylene) block polymers having a weight average molecular weight of from 1,500 to 20,000, a content of ethylene oxide of from 20 to 90% by weight, and a content of propylene oxide of from 10 to 80% by weight: a dispersion and an ink composition using the same, and a method of producing the same.

There are provided a dispersion composition containing: (A) from 85 to 99.89% by weight of a dispersant (except for the following (B) and (C)); (B) from 0.01 to 5% by weight of an acetylene glycol and/or an acetylene glycol ethoxylate; and (C) from 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or two or more types selected from polyoxy (ethylene-propylene) block polymers having a weight average molecular weight of from 1,500 to 20,000, a content of ethylene oxide of from 20 to 90% by weight, and a content of propylene oxide of from 10 to 80% by weight: a dispersion and an ink composition using the same, and a method of producing the same.

A first ink composition includes: water; a water-soluble organic solvent; and a color developing agent. The color developing agent includes a pH indicator. The water-soluble organic solvent includes at least one water-soluble organic solvent having a SP value of 16 or less and 11 or more. An amount of the water-soluble organic solvent having a SP value of 16 or less and 11 or more in the first ink composition is 15 wt % or more. A second ink composition includes: water; a water-soluble organic solvent; and a color developing agent. The color developing agent includes a pH indicator. The water-soluble organic solvent includes at least one water-soluble organic solvent having a SP value of 16 or less. An amount of the water-soluble organic solvent having a SP value of 16 or less in the second ink composition is 15 wt % or more. The second ink composition is a water-based ink for ink-jet recording.

A first ink composition includes: water; a water-soluble organic solvent; and a color developing agent. The color developing agent includes a pH indicator. The water-soluble organic solvent includes at least one water-soluble organic solvent having a SP value of 16 or less and 11 or more. An amount of the water-soluble organic solvent having a SP value of 16 or less and 11 or more in the first ink composition is 15 wt % or more. A second ink composition includes: water; a water-soluble organic solvent; and a color developing agent. The color developing agent includes a pH indicator. The water-soluble organic solvent includes at least one water-soluble organic solvent having a SP value of 16 or less. An amount of the water-soluble organic solvent having a SP value of 16 or less in the second ink composition is 15 wt % or more. The second ink composition is a water-based ink for ink-jet recording.

A reactive dye of formula

##STR00001##

wherein M is hydrogen, an alkali metal or one equivalent of an alkaline earth metal, Z.sub.1 is vinyl, β-sulfatoethyl or the radical —NHCO—(CH.sub.2).sub.3—SO.sub.2—CH.sub.2CH.sub.2Cl; R.sub.1 denotes H or sulfo; and R.sub.2 is H, methyl, methoxy or sulfo, n is the number 3; Y is vinyl or a radical —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2-U and U is —Cl or —OSO.sub.3H,
is suitable for dyeing and printing cellulosic or amide-group-containing fibre materials.