The present disclosure is drawn to material sets for 3D printing and methods of 3D printing. The material set can include a coalescent an organic-soluble near-infrared dye having a peak absorption wavelength from 800 nm to 1400 nm. The coalescent ink can also include water and an organic co-solvent. The material set can also include a particulate polymer formulated to coalesce when contacted by the coalescent ink and irradiated by a near-infrared energy having the peak absorption wavelength.

The present disclosure is drawn to material sets for 3D printing and methods of 3D printing. The material set can include a coalescent an organic-soluble near-infrared dye having a peak absorption wavelength from 800 nm to 1400 nm. The coalescent ink can also include water and an organic co-solvent. The material set can also include a particulate polymer formulated to coalesce when contacted by the coalescent ink and irradiated by a near-infrared energy having the peak absorption wavelength.

An ink set including at least an ink including a compound represented by Formula (Y-1) or (Y-2) or the like, an ink including a compound represented by Formula (M) or (MM) or the like, an ink including a compound represented by Formula (C) or the like, and an ink including a compound represented by Formula (B) or the like. Each of these ink compositions contains, specific amounts of an N-free solvent A having an SP value of 22 to 26 MPa.sup.1/2, an N-containing solvent B having an SP value of 24 to 29 MPa.sup.1/2, an N-free solvent C having an SP value of 29 to 31 MPa.sup.1/2, an N-free solvent D having an SP value of 32 to 34 MPa.sup.1/2, and water. The mass ratio of Li to alkali metals is also regulated.

##STR00001##

An ink set including at least an ink including a compound represented by Formula (Y-1) or (Y-2) or the like, an ink including a compound represented by Formula (M) or (MM) or the like, an ink including a compound represented by Formula (C) or the like, and an ink including a compound represented by Formula (B) or the like. Each of these ink compositions contains, specific amounts of an N-free solvent A having an SP value of 22 to 26 MPa.sup.1/2, an N-containing solvent B having an SP value of 24 to 29 MPa.sup.1/2, an N-free solvent C having an SP value of 29 to 31 MPa.sup.1/2, an N-free solvent D having an SP value of 32 to 34 MPa.sup.1/2, and water. The mass ratio of Li to alkali metals is also regulated.

##STR00001##

An aqueous ink jet composition of the present disclosure includes: at least one dye selected from the group consisting of C.I. Solvent Yellow 160:1, C.I. Disperse Yellow 82, and C.I. Disperse Yellow 184; a material A which is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (1), a compound represented by the following formula (2), an ethylene oxide adduct of tristyrylphenol, a derivative of an ethylene oxide adduct of tristyrylphenol, a polyalkylene glycol, and a derivative of a polyalkylene glycol; and an anionic dispersant. ##STR00001##

An aqueous ink jet composition of the present disclosure includes: at least one dye selected from the group consisting of C.I. Solvent Yellow 160:1, C.I. Disperse Yellow 82, and C.I. Disperse Yellow 184; a material A which is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (1), a compound represented by the following formula (2), an ethylene oxide adduct of tristyrylphenol, a derivative of an ethylene oxide adduct of tristyrylphenol, a polyalkylene glycol, and a derivative of a polyalkylene glycol; and an anionic dispersant. ##STR00001##

The method of the invention provides a simple, reproducible reference, or set of reference standards, as a validation of a calibration standard for filter-based measurements of light absorbing aerosol particles (black carbon and brown carbon) and organic carbon and elemental carbon particles found in indoor and outdoor environments, and in emission streams. The set of reference standards comprise grayscale images deposited by a mist or print at a known density on a substrate material. The reference standards may be made by a printer using as a substrate either paper or another material such as glass fiber, quartz fiber, polypropylene, or cellulose.

The method of the invention provides a simple, reproducible reference, or set of reference standards, as a validation of a calibration standard for filter-based measurements of light absorbing aerosol particles (black carbon and brown carbon) and organic carbon and elemental carbon particles found in indoor and outdoor environments, and in emission streams. The set of reference standards comprise grayscale images deposited by a mist or print at a known density on a substrate material. The reference standards may be made by a printer using as a substrate either paper or another material such as glass fiber, quartz fiber, polypropylene, or cellulose.

Provided are an ink composition for ink jet printing, and an image forming method and a recorded material using the ink composition for ink jet printing. The ink composition for ink jet printing includes: a colorant represented by the following Formula 1; resin particles; a water-soluble organic solvent; and water.

In Formula 1, Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 each independently represent a non-metal atomic group which forms an aliphatic ring or a heterocycle, M.sup.+ represents a proton or a monovalent alkali metal cation or organic cation, L.sup.1 represents a methine chain consisting of 5 or 7 methine groups, and a methine group at a center of the methine chain has a specific substituent.

##STR00001##

An aqueous inkjet ink is disclosed which contains a colorant, a polyoxyethylene monoallyl ether, and water.