Provided is the use of a film of a cellulose ester as a barrier against moisture and oil. The cellulose ester has free hydroxyl groups and ester substituents. The ester substituents are each individually selected from C1 to C6 alkyl ester groups. The free hydroxyl groups are present in an amount in the range 15% to 40 mol %. The film is useful as a barrier layer for food packaging. Also provided is a composition comprising the cellulose ester and a further film-forming material, a packaging material comprising a film of the composition, and a method for manufacturing the packaging material.

Articles can be prepared having silver layers or patterns using a non-aqueous silver precursor composition consisting essentially of: at least 1 weight % of one or more (a) cellulosic polymers, (b) at least 0.1 weight % of reducible silver ions, and (c) an organic solvent medium consisting of: (i) one or more hydroxylic organic solvents, and, optionally, (ii) a nitrile-containing or carbonate-containing aprotic solvent. This composition is subjected to a temperature of at least 20 C. for a time sufficient to convert at least 90 mol % of the (b) reducible silver ions to (d) silver nanoparticles having a mean particle size of at least 25 nm and up to and including 750 nm. Additional (ii) nitrile-containing or carbonate-containing aprotic solvent can be added, and (e) carbon black can be added sufficient to provide at least 5 weight % carbon black. The resulting silver nanoparticle-containing composition can be disposed onto a supporting surface of a substrate to form a silver nanoparticle-containing pattern, and any organic solvents can be removed. This pattern can also be electrolessly plated to form an electrically-conductive pattern.

A coated, highly transparent film based on cellulose triacetate, is proposed that includes a) a support film acting as support layer and a cellulose triacetate or a mixture of cellulose esters and cellulose triacetate as main component, the cellulose triacetate or mixture being defined by a haze value of <0.5%, measured on the cellulose triacetate or mixture drawn out to a film after having been dissolved in dichloromethane or acetone, and b) a multi-functional coating applied in a coating solution to one or both sides of the support film. A dissolver medium can also be used as an enclosure medium. The highly transparent films of the invention can be used as window film, sunglasses film, laminating film, furniture foil, enclosing film, slide film for microscopy, cover slip replacement film and/or protective film, adhesive to glass, wood, metal, ceramic, cellulose derivative films or plastics following incipient dissolution or heat treatment.

The invention relates to a substrate intended in use to contact a fouling agent, the substrate including a coating comprising polysaccharide, which coating serves to reduce or prevent fouling of the substrate caused by contact from the fouling agent, in comparison to an equivalent uncoated substrate. The invention also relates to the anti-fouling coating, to apparatus comprising such coating and to related methods of reducing or preventing fouling of a substrate intended in use to contact a fouling agent.

The invention relates to a substrate intended in use to contact a fouling agent, the substrate including a coating comprising polysaccharide, which coating serves to reduce or prevent fouling of the substrate caused by contact from the fouling agent, in comparison to an equivalent uncoated substrate. The invention also relates to the anti-fouling coating, to apparatus comprising such coating and to related methods of reducing or preventing fouling of a substrate intended in use to contact a fouling agent.

A foamed, opacifying element having a target light blocking value (LBV.sub.T) and a target porous substrate is prepared by determining the light blocking value (LBV.sub.S) of the target porous substrate; calculating the LBV.sub.T-S difference; choosing a foamable aqueous composition; determining a dry coating weight for the chosen foamable aqueous composition (when foamed); and using the dry coating weight to form the single dry opacifying layer as the only layer disposed on the target porous substrate, such that the single dry opacifying layer has light blocking value that is equal to LBV.sub.T-S, 10%. The chosen foamable aqueous composition comprises the essential components (a) through (e) described herein. The desired foamable aqueous composition can be chosen from a set of similar compositions to achieve the desired LBV.sub.T with the noted target porous substrate using suitable mathematical formula relating dry coating weight to light blocking value and a suitable data processor.

A foamed, opacifying element having a target light blocking value (LBV.sub.T) and a target porous substrate is prepared by determining the light blocking value (LBV.sub.S) of the target porous substrate; calculating the LBV.sub.T-S difference; choosing a foamable aqueous composition; determining a dry coating weight for the chosen foamable aqueous composition (when foamed); and using the dry coating weight to form the single dry opacifying layer as the only layer disposed on the target porous substrate, such that the single dry opacifying layer has light blocking value that is equal to LBV.sub.T-S, 10%. The chosen foamable aqueous composition comprises the essential components (a) through (e) described herein. The desired foamable aqueous composition can be chosen from a set of similar compositions to achieve the desired LBV.sub.T with the noted target porous substrate using suitable mathematical formula relating dry coating weight to light blocking value and a suitable data processor.

The present invention describes tunable methods of treating cellulosic materials with a composition that provides increased hydrophobicity and/or lipophobicity to such materials without sacrificing the biodegradability thereof. The methods as disclosed provide for binding of saccharide fatty acid esters on cellulosic materials, including that the disclosure provides products made by such methods. The materials thus treated display higher hydrophobicity, lipophobicity, barrier function, and mechanical properties, and may be used in any application where such features are desired.

The present invention describes tunable methods of treating cellulosic materials with a composition that provides increased hydrophobicity and/or lipophobicity to such materials without sacrificing the biodegradability thereof. The methods as disclosed provide for binding of saccharide fatty acid esters on cellulosic materials, including that the disclosure provides products made by such methods. The materials thus treated display higher hydrophobicity, lipophobicity, barrier function, and mechanical properties, and may be used in any application where such features are desired.

The present invention relates to a nail sticker and the nail sticker is a curable nail sticker. The nail sticker includes a soft layer, the soft layer includes a resin for the soft layer, and the resin for the soft layer may include at least one of cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose acetate propionate.