Doped halide scintillator materials of the formulas A.sub.2B.sub.1-iX.sub.4:D.sub.i, AB.sub.1-iX.sub.2:D.sup.i, A.sub.1-iX:D.sup.i, and A.sub.3B.sub.1-iX.sub.5:D.sub.i, wherein A is one or more monovalent cations (e.g., Tl, In, Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs); B is one or more divalent cations (e.g., Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, and Hg), X is one or more halide, and D is one or more transition or post-transition metal dopant ions (e.g., Zn, Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, and Ga) are described. Also described are non-doped halide scintillator materials of the formula A.sub.3BX.sub.5, related radiation detectors, methods of detecting high energy radiation, and methods of preparing the scintillator materials.

Provided is a method of producing semiconductor nanoparticles that exhibit band-edge emission and have excellent band-edge emission purity and internal quantum yield. The method includes: providing first semiconductor nanoparticles that contains a semiconductor containing an element M.sup.1, an element M.sup.2, and an element Z, where the element M.sup.1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, Au, and alkali metals, and contains at least Ag, the element M.sup.2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In, and Tl, and contains at least one of In or Ga, and the element Z contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of S, Se, and Te; heat-treating a mixture, which contains the first semiconductor nanoparticles, a compound containing a Group 13 element, and a compound containing a Group 16 element, to obtain second semiconductor nanoparticles; and heat-treating the second semiconductor nanoparticles in the presence of a halide of a Group 13 element to obtain third semiconductor nanoparticles.

An electrodeless lamp driven by a microwave generator is disclosed. The electrodeless lamp includes a first infill composed of mercury-free metal halide and provides a continuous full spectrum radiation including ultraviolet ray, visible light, and infrared ray. Thereby, the electrodeless lamp, which meets the standard of AM 1.5 G, has advantages of environmental friendliness, high efficacy lighting, long service life, and low light decay, and therefore, have become applicable in the field of solar simulators.

The present invention relates to a scintillator, a method for manufacturing the same, and an application for the same. The scintillator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a matrix material including, as a main component, thallium, lanthanum, and a halogen element; and an activator doped onto the matrix material. The scintillator according to an embodiment of the present invention has a formula TlaLabXc:yCe, and in the formula: X is a halogen element; a=1, b=2, c=7, or a=2, b=1, c=5, or a=3, b=1, c=6; and y>0 and y0.5. The scintillator according to an embodiment of the present invention has a high efficiency of detecting radiations, a greater light yield, and an excellent fluorescence decay time characteristic.

The present invention relates to a scintillator, a method for manufacturing the same, and an application for the same. The scintillator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a matrix material including, as a main component, thallium, lanthanum, and a halogen element; and an activator doped onto the matrix material. The scintillator according to an embodiment of the present invention has a formula TlaLabXc:yCe, and in the formula: X is a halogen element; a=1, b=2, c=7, or a=2, b=1, c=5, or a=3, b=1, c=6; and y>0 and y0.5. The scintillator according to an embodiment of the present invention has a high efficiency of detecting radiations, a greater light yield, and an excellent fluorescence decay time characteristic.

A method for synthesizing nanoparticles with a predetermined size at high or full yield comprises mixing a first precursor material comprising a first compound comprising a halide moiety and a metal or a metalloid, a second precursor material comprising a second compound comprising a polyatomic nonmetal, and a solvent. The method further comprises heating the mixture to colloidally form nanoparticles comprising the polyatomic nonmetal and the metal or metalloid. The halide moiety is selected such as to colloidally form the nanoparticles in a predetermined size range that is at least partially determined by this halide moiety.

An electrodeless lamp driven by a microwave generator is disclosed. The electrodeless lamp includes a first infill composed of mercury-free metal halide and provides a continuous full spectrum radiation including ultraviolet ray, visible light, and infrared ray. Thereby, the electrodeless lamp, which meets the standard of AM 1.5 G, has advantages of environmental friendliness, high efficacy lighting, long service life, and low light decay, and therefore, have become applicable in the field of solar simulators.

A quantum dot includes copper (Cu), a Group III element, and a Group VI element, wherein the quantum dot further includes a halogen component that is an iodide ion, a bromide ion, a chloride ion, a fluoride ion, or a combination thereof. A molar ratio of the halogen component to the copper (Cu) and a molar ratio of the halogen component to the Group III element is each independently in a range of about 0.01 to about 0.5, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a photoluminescence spectrum of the quantum dot is equal to or less than about 80 nm.

Embodiments provide a quantum dot, a method for preparing a quantum dot, and a light emitting element including the quantum dot. The method for preparing a quantum dot includes forming a core including a copper atom, an indium atom, a gallium atom, and a sulfur atom, and forming a shell surrounding the core by reacting the surface of the core with hydrofluoric acid, a Group II element precursor, and a Group VI element precursor.