A protective film includes a protective layer, an adhesive layer, and a releasing layer. The protective layer, the adhesive layer, and the releasing layer are stacked together in that order. The adhesive layer includes a pressure-sensitive adhesive in an amount by weight of about 90 parts to about 100 parts, inorganic fluorescent powders in an amount by weight of about 0.05 parts to about 0.5 parts, and a curing agent in an amount by weight of about 0.5 parts to about 3 parts.

Disclosed herein is a method including manufacturing a powder having a composition of formula (1),
M.sup.1.sub.aM.sup.2.sub.bM.sup.3.sub.cM.sup.4.sub.dO.sub.12(1) where O represents oxygen, M.sup.1, M.sup.2, M.sup.3, and M.sup.4 represents a first, second, third, and fourth metal that are different from each other, where the sum of a+b+c+d is about 8, where a has a value of about 2 to about 3.5, b has a value of 0 to about 5, c has a value of 0 to about 5 d has a value of 0 to about 1, where b and c, b and d, or c and d cannot both be equal to zero simultaneously, where M.sup.1 is a rare earth element comprising gadolinium, yttrium, lutetium, scandium, or a combination of thereof, M.sup.2 is aluminum or boron, M.sup.3 is gallium, and M.sup.4 is a codopant; and heating the powder to a temperature of 500 to 1700? C. in an oxygen containing atmosphere to manufacture a crystalline scintillator.

Sunscreen additives for enhancing vitamin D production are provided herein. A method includes selecting phosphor materials to incorporate into zinc oxide particles, wherein the phosphor materials are capable of carrying out an up-conversion process whereby two or more photons absorbed by the zinc oxide particles and/or the phosphor materials within a first wavelength range are emitted as at least one photon within a second wavelength range. The method also includes incorporating the selected phosphor materials into the zinc oxide particles. A composition includes zinc oxide particles suspended within a medium of a sunscreen composition, and phosphor materials incorporated into the zinc oxide particles, wherein the phosphor materials are capable of carrying out an up-conversion process whereby two or more photons absorbed by the zinc oxide particles and/or the phosphor materials within a first wavelength range are emitted as at least one photon within a second wavelength range.

Provided are a light-emitting instrument, and an image display device utilizing an AlON phosphor and having wide color gamut. The light-emitting instrument includes an emission source emitting light having a wavelength from 410 nm to 470 nm and a phosphor or a light-transmitting body where the phosphor is dispersed, and the phosphor includes an inorganic compound where an AlON crystal, an AlON solid solution crystal, or an inorganic crystal having a crystal structure identical to AlON includes at least Mn, an A element(a monovalent metal element) it necessary, a D element (a divalent metal element) if necessary, an E element (a monovalent anion) if necessary, and a G element (one or more elements other than Mn, the A, Al, O, N, the D, or the E) if necessary, and emits fluorescence having a peak wavelength from 515 nm to 541 nm upon irradiation of an excitation source.

A method of synthesizing a hybrid nanomaterial substrate for use in a light emitting structure is provided comprising the steps of: (a) defining one or more light emission characteristics for the light emitting structure; (b) selecting a nanocrystal and a compatible light emitting molecule; and (c) based on the light emission characteristics synthesizing a hybrid nanomaterial substrate by selectively varying the size of the nanocrystals in the substrate, and selectively bonding the light emitting molecules to surfaces of the nanocrystals, thereby synthesizing a nanomaterial structure that is operable to define a single illuminating entity operable upon application of a single excitation energy value to generate light emissions consistent with the light emission characteristics. A novel hybrid nanomaterial is also provided consisting of a nanocrystal-luminescent molecule structure defining a single illuminating entity with light emission affecting structural characteristics that vary across surfaces defined by the nanocrystals based on (a) selective variability of the size of the nanocrystals; and (b) selective variability across the substrate of the concentration of the luminescent molecule bonded to surfaces of the nanocrystals. Upon application to for example a diode comprising the hybrid nanomaterial of a single excitation energy value, the hybrid nanomaterial substrate converts the energy value into light emissions that across the variable substrate generates light emissions in white light range. The hybrid nanomaterial is tunable to achieve desired light emitting characteristics of the light emitting structure.

Disclosed herein is a method including manufacturing a powder having a composition of formula (1),

M.sup.1.sub.aM.sup.2.sub.bM.sup.3.sub.cM.sup.4.sub.dO.sub.12(1)

where O represents oxygen, M.sup.1, M.sup.2, M.sup.3, and M.sup.4 represents a first, second, third, and fourth metal that are different from each other, where the sum of a+b+c+d is about 8, where a has a value of about 2 to about 3.5, b has a value of 0 to about 5, c has a value of 0 to about 5 d has a value of 0 to about 1, where b and c, b and d, or c and d cannot both be equal to zero simultaneously, where M.sup.1 is a rare earth element comprising gadolinium, yttrium, lutetium, scandium, or a combination of thereof, M.sup.2 is aluminum or boron, M.sup.3 is gallium, and M.sup.4 is a codopant; and heating the powder to a temperature of 500 to 1700 C. in an oxygen containing atmosphere to manufacture a crystalline scintillator.

This specification discloses spinel-type phosphors that may be advantageously employed in light sources for medical optical coherence tomography (OCT), light sources for medical OCT comprising such phosphors, and OCT systems comprising such light sources.

The present invention relates to a curable silicone composition comprising: (A) an organopolysiloxane having at least two alkenyl groups and at least one aryl group in a molecule, (B) an organopolysiloxane having at least two silicon atom-bonded hydrogen atoms in a molecule, (C) an organopolysiloxane having at least one aryl group in a molecule and containing a metal atom selected from the group consisting of V, Ta, Nb and Ce, and (D) a hydrosilylation-reaction catalyst. The present invention can provide the curable silicone composition, which does not develop a crack by thermal aging and further can form a cured material that exhibits less yellowing.

A lighting apparatus includes light emitting elements having an emission peak wavelength of 400 to 510 nm, a first phosphor having an emission peak wavelength of 485 to 700 nm, a second phosphor having an emission peak wavelength of 510 to 590 nm, a third phosphor having an emission peak wavelength of 600 to 700 nm, and a color filter having transmittance for light with a wavelength of 600 to 730 nm that is 80% or more and transmittance for light with a wavelength of 410 to 480 nm that is 3% or more and 50% or less. The color filter transmits a part of light emitted from the first phosphor, at least a part of light emitted from the second phosphor, and at least a part of light emitted from the third phosphor. Light transmitted through the color filter is emitted to the outside.

Sunscreen additives for enhancing vitamin D production are provided herein. A method includes selecting phosphor materials to incorporate into zinc oxide particles, wherein the phosphor materials are capable of carrying out an up-conversion process whereby two or more photons absorbed by the zinc oxide particles and/or the phosphor materials within a first wavelength range are emitted as at least one photon within a second wavelength range. The method also includes incorporating the selected phosphor materials into the zinc oxide particles. A composition includes zinc oxide particles suspended within a medium of a sunscreen composition, and phosphor materials incorporated into the zinc oxide particles, wherein the phosphor materials are capable of carrying out an up-conversion process whereby two or more photons absorbed by the zinc oxide particles and/or the phosphor materials within a first wavelength range are emitted as at least one photon within a second wavelength range.