A light source using a light-converting material, in particular for the conversion of collimated or focused light, which does not operate solely on the principle of geometric concentration as known from the prior art, but which reflects light away from the interface between the surface of the conversion body (1) and the surroundings due to the high refractive index of the conversion body (1), possibly by means of an applied reflective layer. The light source uses the high refractive index and high transmittance of the phosphor material as the properties necessary to direct the light in the desired direction directly by the conversion body (1) itself. The light source emits collimated or focused intense secondary light, or a homogenised mix of primary and secondary light, or it may transmit supplementary light.

The invention relates to a material represented by the following formula (I)

(M).sub.8(MM).sub.6O.sub.24(X, X).sub.2:M

formula (I).
Further, the invention relates to a luminescent material, and to different medical imaging and diagnostic methods of using the material. Also disclosed is a method of securely identifying an item using the material.

The invention relates to a material represented by the following formula (I)
(M).sub.8(MM).sub.6O.sub.24(X,X).sub.2:Mformula (I). Further, the invention relates to a luminescent material, to different uses, and to a device.

A material represented by the following formula (I)

(M).sub.8M.sub.6M.sub.6O.sub.24(X,S).sub.2:Mformula (I).

Also disclosed is an ultraviolet radiation sensing material, an X-radiation sensing material, a device and a method for determining the intensity of ultraviolet radiation.

The invention relates to a material represented by the following formula (I)
(M).sub.8M.sub.6M.sub.6O.sub.24(X,S).sub.2:Mformula (I).
Further, the invention relates to an ultraviolet radiation sensing material, to an X-radiation sensing material, to different uses, to a device and to a method for determining the intensity of ultraviolet radiation.

The present invention provides a functional material, its preparation method, and an organic light emitting diode display panel, which belongs to the display technical field and can solve the pollution problem in current organic light emitting diode display panels. The functional material comprises an inorganic mixed powder with a modified layer, the inorganic mixed powder comprising boron oxide, sodium oxide, lithium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, silver complexes, silver phosphate, silver nitrate, tourmaline, silver thiosulfate, carbon nanotubes, aluminum sulfate, manganese, manganese oxide, iron, iron oxide, cobalt, cobalt oxide, nickel, nickel oxide, chromium, chromium oxide, copper, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, boron carbide, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, tantalum carbide, molybdenum carbide, boron nitride, chromium nitride, titanium nitride, zirconium nitride, aluminum nitride, chromium boride, Cr.sub.3B.sub.4, titanium boride, zirconium boride, tungsten disilicide, titanium disilicide and the like; the modified layer being generated by a reaction of a dianhydride and a diamine.

The present disclosure provides a red phosphor powder, a preparation method thereof and a luminescent device comprising the red phosphor powder. The red phosphor powder comprises inorganic compounds containing an element A, an element D, an element X and manganese, wherein element A is one or more selected from a group of Li, Na and K and necessarily includes K; element D is composed of Ge and Si, or element D is composed of Si, Ge and Ti; and element X is one or more selected from a group of F, Br and Cl and necessarily includes F; and the inorganic compound has the same space group structure as K.sub.2GeF.sub.6, the space group structure being the hexagonal crystal system P-6.sub.3mc(186). The red phosphor powder has a uniform morphology, a high luminescent efficiency and a good stability.

The present invention addresses providing a novel narrowband red phosphor having a high internal quantum efficiency, a short afterglow time, and a large number of emission components in a short-wavelength region with high red visibility. This is solved by a phosphor characterized by including a crystalline phase that has a predetermined composition and having a specific peak in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern.

The invention relates to a material represented by the following formula (I)

(M).sub.8(MM).sub.6O.sub.24(X,X).sub.2:M

formula (I).

Further, the invention relates to a luminescent material, to different uses, and to a device.

A method of increasing the luminescence efficiency of titanium-doped oxide crystal, used as a laser material, is disclosed. This is accomplished by tempering the crystal at a temperature from 1750 C. to 50 C. below the melting point of the oxide crystal in a hydrogen protecting atmosphere with a constant partial pressure of the aluminium suboxide Al.sub.2O gas. By applying the method of the present invention, its luminescence efficiency of titanium-doped oxide crystal increases by 10 to 50 percent, and possibly by as much as 100 percent or more compared to previous technological treatments.