A coating composition includes: (i) a film-forming resin; (ii) an infrared reflective pigment; and (iii) an infrared fluorescent pigment or dye different from the infrared reflective pigment. A multi-layer coating including the coating composition, and a substrate at least partially coated with the coating composition is also disclosed. A method of detecting an article at least partially coated with the coating composition is also disclosed.

An object of the present invention is to provide an infrared light-emitting phosphor which emits light in a wavelength range where the sensitivity of a detector is high by combination with a semiconductor light-emitting element that emits light in the visible light region, and to provide an infrared light-emitting device using the infrared light-emitting phosphor. The object can be achieved with a light-emitting device including a semiconductor light-emitting element that emits ultraviolet light or visible light and a phosphor that absorbs ultraviolet light or visible light emitted from the semiconductor light-emitting element and emits light in the infrared region, wherein an emission peak wavelength in the infrared region of the phosphor emitting in the infrared region is from 750 to 1,050 nm, and the half width of an emission peak waveform is more than 50 nm.

An oxide fluorescent material comprises: at least one first element M.sup.1 selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs; at least one second element M.sup.2 selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn; at least one third element M.sup.3 selected from B, Al, Ga, In, and rare earth elements; at least one fourth element M.sup.4 selected from Si, Ti, Ge, Zr, Sn, Hf, and Pb; O; and Cr, wherein when the molar ratio of the at least one fourth element M.sup.4 in 1 mol of the composition is 5, the molar ratio of the at least one first element M.sup.1 is 0.7 or more and 1.3 or less, the molar ratio of the at least one second element M.sup.2 is 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less, the molar ratio of the at least one third element M.sup.3 is 0.7 or more and 1.3 or less, the molar ratio of oxygen is 12.9 or more and 15.1 or less, and the molar ratio of Cr is more than 0 and 0.2 or less, and wherein the oxide fluorescent material has a light emission peak wavelength in a range of 700 nm or more and 1,050 nm or less in a light emission spectrum of the oxide fluorescent material.

The present disclosure relates to novel compositions comprising hydrophilic polymer-conjugated bilirubin-coated radio-luminescent particle or particle aggregates, and methods to make and use the novel compositions. A specific novel PEG-BR/CWO NP system provided in this disclosure comprises a CaWO.sub.4 nanoparticle (CWO NP) core encapsulated by a poly(ethylene glycol)-bilirubin conjugate micelle (PEG-BR micelle).

The present disclosure relates to novel compositions comprising hydrophilic polymer-conjugated bilirubin-coated radio-luminescent particle or particle aggregates, and methods to make and use the novel compositions. A specific novel PEG-BR/CWO NP system provided in this disclosure comprises a CaWO.sub.4 nanoparticle (CWO NP) core encapsulated by a poly(ethylene glycol)-bilirubin conjugate micelle (PEG-BR micelle).

Disclosed is a composite particle for use in a marking that is suitable for identification/authentication purposes. The particle comprises at least one superparamagnetic portion and at least one thermoluminescent portion and optionally also a thermoconductive portion between the superparamagnetic and thermoluminscent portions.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a scintillator which has excellent impact resistance and favorable workability and moldability. The problem is solved by a resin-phosphor composite scintillator which contains a resin and a phosphor and is capable of converting irradiated radiation into visible light. In this composite scintillator, a brightness retention rate, which is measured 24 hours after 38-minute irradiation with an X-ray to a total irradiation dose of 13 kGy at a distance of 40 mm from a radiation source, is 65% or higher; the Rockwell hardness is 30 HRM or higher; and the content of the resin is not less than 10% by weight.

Compositions and methods for determining the origin location of a subterranean rock sample. Compositions include a nanoparticle tag with a fluorescent core and a polymer shell. The fluorescent core can include up-converting nanoparticles, rare earth element doped oxide, long persistent fluorescent materials, or encapsulated lanthanide complexes. Methods include mixing a nanoparticle tag into a fluid, flowing the fluid through a work string into a subterranean formation, recovering subterranean rock samples from the subterranean formation, and determining an origin location of the subterranean rock sample by detecting the presence of the nanoparticle tag on the sample.

An object of the present invention is to provide an infrared light-emitting phosphor which emits light in a wavelength range where the sensitivity of a detector is high by combination with a semiconductor light-emitting element that emits light in the visible light region, and to provide an infrared light-emitting device using the infrared light-emitting phosphor. The object can be achieved with a light-emitting device including a semiconductor light-emitting element that emits ultraviolet light or visible light and a phosphor that absorbs ultraviolet light or visible light emitted from the semiconductor light-emitting element and emits light in the infrared region, wherein an emission peak wavelength in the infrared region of the phosphor emitting in the infrared region is from 750 to 1,050 nm, and the half width of an emission peak waveform is more than 50 nm.

The purpose of the present invention is to increase the amount of near-infrared light emitted by a phosphor excited by near-ultraviolet light to blue light. The present invention relates to a phosphor containing gallium oxide Ga.sub.2O.sub.3 as the base composition, one or two elements selected from Cr and Fe as the light-emitting center, and aluminum fluoride AlF.sub.3 as the flux.