The present invention relates to the field of luminescent crystals (LCs), and more specifically to Quantum Dots (QDs) of formula A.sup.1.sub.aM.sup.2.sub.bX.sub.c, wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification. The invention provides methods of manufacturing such luminescent crystals, particularly by dispersing suitable starting materials in the presence of a liquid and by the aid of milling balls; to compositions comprising luminescent crystals and to electronic devices, decorative coatings; and to components comprising luminescent crystals.

The present invention provides for a composition comprising a pigment, wherein the composition is suitable for coating a surface that is, or is expected to be, exposed to the sun. The pigment comprises particles that fluoresce in sunlight, thereby remaining cooler in the sun than coatings pigmented with non-fluorescent particles. The particles comprise solids that fluoresce or glow in the visible or near infrared (NIR) spectra, or that fluoresce when doped. Suitable dopants include, but are not limited to, ions of rare earths and transition metals. A coating composition includes: (i) a film-forming resin; (ii) an infrared reflective pigment; and (iii) an infrared fluorescent pigment different from the infrared reflective pigment. When the coating composition is cured to form a coating and exposed to radiation comprising fluorescence-exciting radiation, the coating has a greater effective solar reflectance (ESR) compared to the same coating exposed to the radiation comprising fluorescence-exciting radiation except without the infrared fluorescent pigment. A multi-layer coating including the coating composition, and a substrate at least partially coated with the coating composition is also disclosed. A method of reducing temperature of an article includes applying the coating composition to at least a portion of the article.

The present invention relates to the field of luminescent crystals (LCs), and more specifically to Quantum Dots (QDs) of formula A.sup.1.sub.aM.sup.2.sub.bX.sub.c, wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification. The invention provides methods of manufacturing such luminescent crystals, particularly by dispersing suitable starting materials in the presence of a liquid and by the aid of milling balls; to compositions comprising luminescent crystals and to electronic devices, decorative coatings; and to components comprising luminescent crystals.

The present invention identifies decay and other events included in the emission of an LaBr.sub.3 scintillator and only collects ray events. An LaBr.sub.3 scintillation detector is provided with an LaBr3 scintillator 10, a photomultiplier tube 12, an oscilloscope 14, and a computer 18. The computer 18 detects a peak value Vp and a total charge amount Q.sub.total of a voltage waveform signal and calculates an error propagation expression function for a ratio of the peak value Vp to the total charge amount Q.sub.total. This error propagation expression function is used as a threshold function for identifying and removing decay events. The decay events are identified from the peak value Vp and total charge amount Q.sub.total, which are measurement values that can be measured in real time.

This invention relates to a thermoluminescent phosphor for the measurement of low radiation doses, including calcium sulphate (CaSO.sub.4), Dysprosium (Dy) and manganese (Mn), wherein Dy and Mn are present as dopants. A process for the preparation of a thermoluminescent phosphor is also provided. The process includes the steps of: separately dissolving calcium sulphate (CaSO4), Dysprosium chloride (DyCh) and Manganese chloride (MnC) in hot concentrated sulphuric acid, to obtain sulphuric acid solutions of CaSO4, DyCb and MnCb; mixing the solutions; and followed by slow evaporation of the solvent to obtain a powder of microcrystalline phosphor of CaSO4:Dy, Mn.

An electrodeless lamp driven by a microwave generator is disclosed. The electrodeless lamp includes a first infill composed of mercury-free metal halide and provides a continuous full spectrum radiation including ultraviolet ray, visible light, and infrared ray. Thereby, the electrodeless lamp, which meets the standard of AM 1.5 G, has advantages of environmental friendliness, high efficacy lighting, long service life, and low light decay, and therefore, have become applicable in the field of solar simulators.

This application is a national phase of International Application No PCT/EP2017/065713 filed Jun. 26, 2017 and published in the English language, and claims priority to European Application No 16 183 790.1 filed on Aug. 11, 2016. which are incorporated herein by reference.

The present invention provides for a composition comprising a pigment, wherein the composition is suitable for coating a surface that is, or is expected to be, exposed to the sun. The pigment comprises particles that fluoresce in sunlight, thereby remaining cooler in the sun than coatings pigmented with non-fluorescent particles. The particles comprise solids that fluoresce or glow in the visible or near infrared (NIR) spectra, or that fluoresce when doped. Suitable dopants include, but are not limited to, ions of rare earths and transition metals.

A halide material, such as scintillator crystals of LaBr.sub.3:Ce and SrI.sub.2:Eu, with a passivation surface layer is disclosed. The surface layer comprises one or more halides of lower water solubility than the scintillator crystal that the surface layer covers. A method for making such a material is also disclosed. In certain aspects of the disclosure, a passivation layer is formed on a surface of a halide material such as a scintillator crystal of LaBr.sub.3:Ce of SrI.sub.2:Eu by fluorinating the surface with a fluorinating agent, such as F.sub.2 for LaBr.sub.3:Ce and HF for SrI.sub.2:Eu.

The present invention identifies ? decay and other events included in the emission of an LaBr.sub.3 scintillator and only collects ? ray events. An LaBr.sub.3 scintillation detector is provided with an LaBr3 scintillator 10, a photomultiplier tube 12, an oscilloscope 14, and a computer 18. The computer 18 detects a peak value Vp and a total charge amount Q.sub.total of a voltage waveform signal and calculates an error propagation expression function for a ratio of the peak value Vp to the total charge amount Q.sub.total. This error propagation expression function is used as a threshold function for identifying and removing ? decay events. The ? decay events are identified from the peak value Vp and total charge amount Q.sub.total, which are measurement values that can be measured in real time.