A halide material, such as scintillator crystals of LaBr.sub.3:Ce and SrI.sub.2:Eu, with a passivation surface layer is disclosed. The surface layer comprises one or more halides of lower water solubility than the scintillator crystal that the surface layer covers. A method for making such a material is also disclosed. In certain aspects of the disclosure, a passivation layer is formed on a surface of a halide material such as a scintillator crystal of LaBr.sub.3:Ce of SrI.sub.2:Eu by fluorinating the surface with a fluorinating agent, such as F.sub.2 for LaBr.sub.3:Ce and HF for SrI.sub.2:Eu.

A phosphor contains: a crystal represented by MGa.sub.2S.sub.4, where M includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, and Ca; and an element A that functions as a luminescent center, wherein diffraction peaks are observed in a range of 2?=27.6? or more and 28.3? or less and a range of 2?=28.45? or more and 28.75? or less in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained through measurement that uses CuK? rays performed using an X-ray diffractometer. A method for producing a phosphor includes sintering an ingredient composition that contains a gallium element (Ga), a sulfur element (S), an element M, where the element M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, and Ca and an element A that functions as a luminescent center while a portion of the ingredient composition is melted. A light emitting device includes: a light emitting element that contains the above-described phosphor; and an excitation source.

Phosphors include a CaAlSiN.sub.3 family crystal phase, wherein the CaAlSiN.sub.3 family crystal phase comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb.

Embodiments of the invention include a wavelength-converting material defined by AE.sub.3x1y+zRE.sub.3x2+yz[Si.sub.9wAl.sub.w(N.sub.1yC.sub.y).sup.[4](N.sub.16zwO.sub.z+w).sup.[2]]:Eu.sub.x1,Ce.sub.x2, where AE=Ca, Sr, Ba; RE=Y, Lu, La, Sc; 0x10.18; 0x20.2; x1+x2>0; 0y1; 0z3; 0w3.

A method for enhancing luminescence of a luminous material, a substance detection method, a substance detection apparatus, and a luminescence enhancer are provided. A method for enhancing luminescence of a luminous material, the method including: holding, in a luminescence detection unit, the luminous material and a white colloidal particle both contained in a liquid; and irradiating the luminescence detection unit with light, in which the luminescence detection unit has an inner diameter of 300 m or less in an optical axis direction.

The present invention relates to MASP-3 inhibitory antibodies and compositions comprising such antibodies for use in inhibiting the adverse effects of MASP-3 dependent complement activation.

A luminescent composition of matter is characterized by the formula REM.sub.2+xE.sub.y, where RE may be one or more Rare Earth elements (for example, Eu or Gd), M may be one or more elements selected from the group Al, Ga, B, In, Sc, Lu, and Y; E is one or more elements selected from the group S, Se, O, and Te; x is greater than zero; and y has the value that achieves charge balance in the formula assuming that E has a charge of 2.

Conversion LED emits primary radiation (peak wavelength 435 nm to 455 nm) and has a luminescent substance-containing layer positioned to intercept the primary radiation and convert it into secondary radiation. First and second luminescent substances are used. The first luminescent substance is a A.sub.3B.sub.5O.sub.12:Ce garnet type emitting yellow green having cation A=75 to 100 mol. % Lu, remainder Y and a Ce content of 1.5 to 2.9 mol. %, where B=10 to 40 mol. % Ga, remainder Al. The second luminescent substance is of the MAlSiN.sub.3:Eu calsine type which emits orange red, where M is Ca alone or at least 80% Ca and the remainder of M may be Sr, Ba, Mg, Li or Cu, in each case alone or in combination, wherein some of the Al up to 20%, can be replaced by B, and wherein N can be partially replaced by O, F, Cl, alone or in combination.

A light-emitting device includes a light-emitting element for emitting primary light, and a wavelength conversion unit for absorbing part of the primary light and emitting secondary light having a wavelength longer than that of the primary light, wherein the wavelength conversion unit includes plural kinds of phosphors having light absorption characteristics different from each other, and then at least one kind of phosphor among the plural kinds of phosphors has an absorption characteristic that can absorb the secondary light emitted from at least another kind of phosphor among the plural kinds of phosphors.

Provided is a production method of a nitride fluorescent material capable of producing a nitride fluorescent material having a higher emission intensity. The production method is for producing a nitride fluorescent material having a composition containing at least one element M.sup.a selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ca, Ba and Mg, at least one element M.sup.b selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, at least one element M.sup.c selected from the group consisting of Eu, Ce, Tb and Mn, and Al and N, which includes subjecting a raw material mixture containing elements constituting the composition of the nitride fluorescent material, along with SrF.sub.2 and/or LiF added thereto as a flux, to a heat treatment, wherein the amount of the flux is in a range of 5.0% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less relative to the total amount, 100% by mass of the raw material mixture and the flux.