A process for transferring heat including providing an article and contacting the article with a heat transfer media. The heat transfer media includes a composition formed by the process of, contacting a compound of formula (1), R.sub.fCH═CHF, with a fluorinated ethylene compound of formula (2), CX.sub.1X.sub.2═CX.sub.3X.sub.4 in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. In the compound of formula (1) R.sub.f is a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 perfluorinated alkyl group. In the compound of formula (2) X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, and X.sub.4 are each independently H, Cl, or F and at least one of X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, and X.sub.4 is F. The resulting composition comprises a compound of formula (3), R.sub.fCF.sub.3(CX.sub.5X.sub.6CX.sub.7X.sub.8).sub.nCH═CHCX.sub.9X.sub.10CX.sub.11X.sub.12F. In the compound of formula (3), X.sub.5, X.sub.6, X.sub.7, X.sub.8, X.sub.9, X.sub.10, X.sub.11, and X.sub.12 are each independently H, Cl, or F, and n is an integer of 0 or 1.

Disclosed is an environmentally friendly near-azeotropic mixed refrigerant, consisting essentially of HFO-1234 yf, HFE-143a and a third component, with the mass percentage of each component being: 70%-98% of HFO-1234yf, 1%-15% of HFE-143a and 1%-15% of the third component. The refrigerant of the present invention is environmentally friendly, excellent in thermodynamic properties, can directly realize drop-in substitution in an original system using HFC-134a without changing any parts, and can be used as a long term alternative to HFC-134a.

A hydrofluoroolefins-containing refrigerant composition is disclosed. The composition includes the following ingredients in part by weight: 50-90 parts of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 5-30 parts of trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and 5-20 parts of fluoroethane. The composition of this invention has the advantages of low GWP, environmental friendliness, good refrigeration effect and high compatibility with lubricants.

The present invention relates to a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one base oil and at least one fire retardant corresponding to formula (I)

R.sub.F-L-R.sub.H   (I) in which R.sub.F is a perfluorinated or partially fluorinated group, R.sub.H is a hydrocarbon-based group, and L is a linker.

The invention also relates to the use of at least one fire retardant of formula (I), in a composition for lubricating a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, including at least one battery, to give it ignition-resistance properties.

Finally, the invention relates to a process for cooling and fire-protecting a battery of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising at least one step of placing at least one battery, in particular a lithium-ion or nickel-cadmium battery, in contact with a composition according to the invention.

Disclosed herein are solvent compositions and methods of using the solvent compositions. The solvent composition includes at least trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE) and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TFE-TFPE). The solvent composition may also include an oxygenated solvent, such as an alcohol or fluorinated ether. A method of cleaning the surface of an article includes contacting the surface with the solvent composition to dissolve, disperse, or displace a contaminant on the surface, and removing the solvent composition containing the contaminant from the surface.

The present invention provides a composition comprising a refrigerant (mixed refrigerant) having three types of performance, i.e., a coefficient of performance (COP) and refrigerating capacity (Cap) that are equivalent to or higher than those of R410A, and a sufficiently low GWP. Specifically, the present invention provides a composition comprising a refrigerant, the refrigerant comprising CF.sub.3I, CO.sub.2 (R744), and at least one compound A selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), trans-1,2-difluoroethylene [(E)-RFC-1132], cis-1,2-difluoroethylene [(Z)-HFO-1132], fluoroethylene (HFO-1141), and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne (TFP).

A refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a refrigerant and a refrigeration cycle circuit. The refrigeration cycle circuit includes a compressor, and causes the refrigerant to circulate therethrough. The refrigerant is HFO-based refrigerant alone or a mixed refrigerant. In the mixed refrigerant, a mixing ratio of HFO-based refrigerant is equal to or more than 10% by weight. The compressor includes a motor. The motor includes a portion formed from a resin component. The resin component is made of PET, PA, or the like.

Provided is a refrigerant composition that has a low GWP; is non-flammable or mildly flammable; and has a refrigerating capacity (Cap) and/or coefficient of performance (COP) equivalent to or higher than those of traditional refrigerants, such as R-134a, R-410A, R-123, or R-404A, when used as an alternative refrigerant for these traditional refrigerants. Specifically, provided is a refrigerant composition containing FO-1216 and a hydrofluoroolefin, wherein the hydrofluoroolefin is at least one member of HFO-1234ze and HFO-1243zf.

A hydrofluoroolefins-containing refrigerant composition is disclosed. The composition includes the following ingredients in part by weight: 50-90 parts of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 5-30 parts of trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and 5-20 parts of fluoroethane. The composition of this invention has the advantages of low GWP, environmental friendliness, good refrigeration effect and high compatibility with lubricants.

A working fluid for use in a heat transfer system, for example of the type used to transfer heat in a heat engine. The working fluid comprises a plurality of nano-particles suspended in a base fluid so as to improve a heat transfer property of the base fluid. Ideally the nano-particles are suspended in the base fluid in a colloidal suspension. A system for manufacturing a nano-fluid is also described. The system includes a plurality of hoppers for containing types of nano-particle and a reservoir that contains a base fluid. A control means controls valves on the hoppers and on the reservoir in order to dispense working fluid and defined amounts of nano-particles into a mixer tank. A mixer mixes the nano-particles with the base fluid to produce a nano-fluid which is in colloidal suspension in the working fluid.