A composition comprising (1) a first crosslinkable polymer compound having an aromatic conjugated repeating unit and a crosslinkable group and having at least one of a light emitting property and charge transportability, and (2) a second crosslinkable polymer compound having an aromatic conjugated repeating unit and a crosslinkable group at least one of which is different from the aromatic conjugated repeating unit in the first crosslinkable polymer compound and the crosslinkable group in the first crosslinkable polymer compound, and having at least one of a light emitting property and charge transportability, wherein at least one of the first crosslinkable polymer compound and the second crosslinkable polymer compound has a crosslinkable group represented by the following formula (Z-3) or (Z-4): ##STR00001##
in the formulae, R.sup.c represents a hydrogen atom, or a substituent such as an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group or the like, the plurality of R.sup.c moieties may be the same or different.

Ordered (e.g., self-assembled) structures, arranged from peptide nucleic acids and/or analogs thereof, are disclosed. The peptide nucleic acids forming the ordered structures comprise from 1 to 10 PNA backbone units, at least one comprising a guanine nucleobase or an analog thereof. Processes of generating the ordered structures, uses thereof and articles-of manufacturing, devices and systems containing same are also disclosed.

There is disclosed a compound having Formula I, Formula II, Formula III, Formula VIII, Formula IX, or Formula X

##STR00001##

The variables are described in detail in the application.

The present invention relates to a polymer which comprises at least one structural unit which contains at least one aldehyde group, and to a process for the preparation of a crosslinkable or crosslinked polymer including a polymer which contains aldehyde groups. The present invention thus also relates to a crosslinkable polymer and a crosslinked polymer which is prepared by the process according to the invention, and to the use of this crosslinked polymer in electronic devices, in particular in organic electroluminescent devices, so-called OLEDs (OLED=organic light emitting device).

A polymer comprising units α, β, γ and δ wherein: unit α is present at 30 mole % to 60 mole % and is an optionally substituted arylene; unit β is present at 1 mole % to 30 mole % and is a unit comprising an optionally substituted fluorene; unit γ is present at 1 mole % to 40 mole % and comprises aryl substituted nitrogen, or an optionally substituted triazine; unit δ is present at 0.5 mole % to 15 mole % and comprises an iridium complex; and optionally up to 20 mole % of other units if the total of α, β, γ and δ is less than 100 mole %.

Yellow electrochromic polymers (ECPs) are prepared that display a yellow neutral state and a highly transmissive oxidized state. The ECPs are copolymers where a dyad of dioxyhetereocyclic repeating unis alternate with a monad of an aromatic repeating unit. An alternate yellow ECP has an oxidation potential of 450 mV or less and is an alternating copolymer of an acyclic dioxythiophene (AcDOT) or a propylene dioxythiophene (ProDOT) with an aromatic repeating unit that has an electron donating substituent. The yellow ECPs can be processed from solution for electrochromic devices.

Stimuli-switchable moieties, monomers incorporating stimuli-switchable moieties, and polymers incorporating such stimuli-switchable moieties are provided. The stimuli-switchable moiety can be a pyrano aryl chromenone-derivative. The stimuli-switchable monomer can be a lactone monomer. The stimuli-switchable monomer can be an amino acid, which can be incorporated into a specific peptide sequence by peptide synthesis.

A carbazole compound represented by Formula 1: ##STR00001## wherein in Formula 1, groups and variables are the same as defined in the specification.

The organic semiconductor polymers relates to the synthesis of a carbazole-based ladder polymer. The synthesis of the ladder polymer includes forming a precursor conjugated polymer by Suzuki step growth polymerization of 2,7-dibromocarbazole with 1,4-dibromo-2,5-divinylbenzene, followed by end capping with 2-bromostyrene and 2-vinyl-phenylboronic acid. Then, the pendent vinyl groups are closed by ring-closing olefin metathesis to obtain the ladder polymer.

OLED materials having the formula: T-A(-S-B(-P-B)m-S-A)n-T where A are independently selected rod-shaped, rigid molecular core units, S are independently selected flexible spacer units, B are polymerisable crosslinking groups independently selected, P are spacer groups independently selected, T are independently selected end groups, m are independently selected from values of from 1 to 4, n is equal to I to 3.