The invention relates to a security pigment, comprising core-shell particles having a core based on an organic addition polymer, a shell based on an organic condensation polymer and a feature substance present in the core in finely dispersed or dissolved form, wherein the addition polymer is a three-dimensionally cross-linked duromer.

A light-emitting element containing a light-emitting material with high light emission efficiency is provided. The light-emitting element includes a high molecular material and a guest material. The high molecular material includes at least a first high molecular chain and a second high molecular chain. The guest material has a function of exhibiting fluorescence or converting triplet excitation energy into light emission. The first high molecular chain and the second high molecular chain each include a first skeleton, a second skeleton, and a third skeleton, and the first skeleton and the second skeleton are bonded to each other through the third skeleton. The first high molecular chain and the second high molecular chain have a function of forming an excited complex.

This disclosure relates generally to electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of -conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidization states.

A thermally activated delayed fluorescent material and a synthesizing method thereof are described. The thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has a structural formula as follows:

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Group A, group B, group C, and group D are all structural groups in the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, where x, y, and z are molar ratios of the group B, the group C and the group D in the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, respectively. A white light polymer material with high luminous efficiency is synthesized by using polystyrene as a main chain, and connecting red, green, and blue light-emitting structural units to side chains thereof. An OLED light-emitting layer prepared by using the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material has relatively high lifespan and good light-emitting performance.

The present invention generally relates to sub-diffraction limit image resolution and other imaging techniques. In one aspect, the invention is directed to determining and/or imaging light from two or more entities separated by a distance less than the diffraction limit of the incident light. For example, the entities may be separated by a distance of less than about 1000 nm, or less than about 300 nm for visible light. In one set of embodiments, the entities may be selectively activatable, i.e., one entity can be activated to produce light, without activating other entities. A first entity may be activated and determined (e.g., by determining light emitted by the entity), then a second entity may be activated and determined. The entities may be immobilized relative to each other and/or to a common entity. The emitted light may be used to determine the positions of the first and second entities, for example, using Gaussian fitting or other mathematical techniques, and in some cases, with sub-diffraction limit resolution. The methods may thus be used, for example, to determine the locations of two or more entities immobilized relative to a common entity, for example, a surface, or a biological entity such as DNA, a protein, a cell, a tissue, etc. The entities may also be determined with respect to time, for example, to determine a time-varying reaction. Other aspects of the invention relate to systems for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, computer programs and techniques for sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for promoting sub-diffraction limit image resolution, methods for producing photoswitchable entities, and the like.

Disclosed are a colloidal coating dispersion containing electrochromic polymer particles, a method for manufacturing the colloidal coating dispersion, the use of the colloidal coating dispersion for depositing at least one electrochromic layer on a substrate, and an article including a layer deposited from the colloidal coating dispersion.

This disclosure relates generally to electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of -conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidization states.

Electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of -conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores, are provided. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidation states.

The present disclosure provides for the development and applications of monomeric, oligomeric and/or polymeric semiconductor materials comprising a five-membered heteroaromatic unit (e.g., thiophene; furan; selenophene; etc.) that includes an acrylyl or an acrylyl-like (CCCO) side chain. The semiconductor materials can be used as organic semiconductors for use in electronic, optical, or optoelectronic devices such as organic thin film transistors and organic photovoltaics. The disclosed semiconductor materials (e.g., semiconducting polymer compounds) can be used as high performance semiconductors (e.g., for organic solar cells or organic photovoltaics (OPVs)), and the disclosed semiconductor materials can be used for other devices (e.g., organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) and sensors, etc.).

A layer structure having a solid substrate having a surface, the surface carrying a layer including a molecularly imprinted polymer, wherein the molecularly imprinted polymer is adapted to bind a glyphosate analyte, wherein the glyphosate analyte is selected from glyphosate, a glyphosate degradation product, a metabolite of glyphosate or a metabolite of the degradation product of glyphosate, wherein a fluorescence characteristic of the molecularly imprinted polymer changes upon binding of the glyphosate analyte. Further, a method for detecting a glyphosate analyte in a sample includes: providing the layer structure having the molecularly imprinted polymer; providing a fluidic contact of the layer structure with the sample or an organic extract of the sample; measuring a fluorescence property of the layer structure; and estimating a concentration of glyphosate or of the glyphosate related analyte at least semi-quantitatively.