A chromene compound having at least one indenonaphthopyran moiety which has a group forming a spiro ring together with the 13-position carbon atom and further an oligomer chain group selected from a polyalkylene oxide oligomer chain group having at least three recurring units and a polyester oligomer chain group having at least three recurring units, represented by the following formula and having reduced matrix dependence:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each a group which may have an oligomer chain group, the ring Z bonded to the 13-position carbon atom of the chromene compound is a Spiro ring group, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each an aryl group or heteroaryl group which may have an oligomer chain group.

Preferably, the chromene compound has at least one oligomer chain group in the molecule.

Disclosed are a colloidal coating dispersion containing electrochromic polymer particles, a method for manufacturing the colloidal coating dispersion, the use of the colloidal coating dispersion for depositing at least one electrochromic layer on a substrate, and an article including a layer deposited from the colloidal coating dispersion.

The present application discloses an electrochromic display device and a manufacturing method thereof. The electrochromic display device includes a first transparent substrate and an electrochromic pixel arrays disposed on the first transparent substrate. The electrochromic pixel arrays includes a plurality of structural units superimposed longitudinally, and a second transparent substrate disposed on each of the structural units; the structural units include common electrodes, pixel electrodes, electrochromic layers, and electrolytes; the electrochromic layers are in a transparent state or a colored state based on an applied voltage; the structural units are independently selected from one of a cyan structural unit, a magenta structural unit, and a yellow structural unit; and the electrochromic pixel arrays includes the cyan structural unit, the magenta structural unit, and the yellow structural unit.

This disclosure relates generally to electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of -conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidization states.

An electrochromic device according to the inventive concept includes a first electrode; a second electrode on the first electrode; and an electrochromic electrolyte layer and a nanostructure between the first and second electrodes. The nanostructure has a porous structure, and the electrochromic electrolyte layer includes phenothiazine or a compound represented by the following Formula 1:

##STR00001## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or phenyl.

The invention relates to a fluorescent siloxane elastomer, to a method for producing same, and to the use. The fluorescent siloxane elastomer contains the following structural elements in the network structure thereof: (I) and (II) or (III), wherein: R1 and R2 are the same or different and mean, independently of each other, a methyl, phenyl, vinyl substituent or an H atom; X means a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 2 to 6 C atoms; A is an oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur atom; R3 is a fluorescent dye substituent from the families of the BODIPY or BODIPY and coumarin or BODIPY and naphthalimide or coumarin and naphthalimide fluorophores. The polysiloxanes according to the invention cause a shift in the emission range out of the UV light or expansion of the emission range into the range of visible light having wavelengths of up to 800 nm, and therefore the polysiloxanes are especially suited for detectors having the maximum efficiency thereof in the range. In the combination of the optical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the polysiloxanes, the polysiloxanes differ substantially from polysiloxanes according to the prior art. The polysiloxanes form the basis for a material that meets the high requirements for high-voltage devices and can be used in particular for monitoring the aging process of insulating means in high-voltage systems. Partial electrical discharges can be reliably optically detected and localized by means of the polysiloxanes.

Water-soluble, conjugated polymers containing one or more dibenzosilole monomer residues, as well as compositions, kits, and methods of making and using such polymers are disclosed. Also disclosed are dibenzosilole derivatives substituted with one or more water-solubilizing groups, and methods of making and using such derivatives to prepare water-soluble dibenzosilole polymers.

Electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of -conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores, are provided. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidation states.

The present invention relates to nanoparticle compositions and, in particular, to composite polymeric nanoparticle compositions. A composite nanoparticle described herein comprises a photoluminescent polymeric component and a photo-thermal polymeric component. The photoluminescent polymeric component and the photo-thermal polymeric component can each comprise a single polymeric species or multiple polymeric species.

An electrochromic device incorporating a high-energy absorbing polymer is presented to have an improved cycling stability. Various types of stable electrochromic devices are presented, including a highly stable yellow electrochromic device. Methods to improve the device cycling stability are also presented.