A catalytic cracking system in which liquid hydrocarbon and bio-oil are directed into a reactor riser of a fluid catalytic cracking unit by separate feed spray nozzle assemblies. To protect liquid bio-oil directed through the liquid bio-oil feed nozzle assembly from high temperature degradation, an insulating layer is provided between a central bio-oil feed tube in a concentrically surrounding atomizing gas passageway. Cooling channels also may be provided in the spray tip of the bio-oil feed nozzle assembly.

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods and systems for processing a reaction product containing lignin-derived products, such as phenolics, can comprise hydrotreating the reaction product to convert the lignin-derived products to desired higher molecular weight compounds. The methods can further include separating the higher molecular weight compounds from unconverted products, such as unconverted phenolics, and recycling the unconverted phenolics for use as at least a portion of the digestion solvent and for further conversion to desired higher molecular weight compounds with additional hydrotreatment.

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom.

System relating to the conversion of ethanol in a stripper unit of a fluidized catalytic cracking system. An ethanol stream comprising at least 4 volume percent water mixes with a catalyst in the stripper unit under conditions of temperature that favor conversion of the ethanol to hydrocarbons, thereby increasing incorporation of ethanol into liquid transportation fuels without exceeding regulatory limits on fuel vapor pressure. Certain embodiments additionally combine the ethanol stream with a hydrocarbon stream in the stripper and react in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrocarbons that may have an increased boiling point, increased octane rating, decreased vapor pressure, decreased benzene content, or combinations of these properties.

A naphtha and methanol mixed catalytic cracking reaction process involves a simultaneous cracking reaction of naphtha and methanol using a circulating fluidized-bed reactor comprising a reactor, a stripper, and a regenerator. The naphtha is supplied from the bottom part of the reactor at a position between 0%˜5% of the total length of the reactor, and the methanol is supplied from the bottom part of the reactor at a position between 10%˜80% of the total length of the reactor. The catalytic cracking reaction process uses the circulating fluidized-bed reactor and can crack naphtha and methanol simultaneously by having different introduction positions for the naphtha and methanol in the reactor, which is advantageous for heat neutralization, so that energy consumption can be minimized and also the yield of light olefins can be improved by suppressing the production of light saturated hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane and propane.

A process for preparing a peptized alumina having increased solids and acid contents and a decreased water content. The process comprising mixing a boehmite or pseudoboehmite alumina and acid with a high intensity, high energy mixer at a ratio of 0.16 to 0.65 moles acid/moles alumina for a time period sufficient to form a substantially free-flowing solid particulate having a solids content of 45 to 65 wt %. When used in catalyst manufacture, peptized alumina produced by the process provides an increased rate in catalyst production and decreased costs due to high solids concentration and the presence of less water to be evaporated.

The present invention relates to a method for producing mixtures of hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds, for use as fuel components (preferably in the range C5-C16), by means of catalytic conversion of the oxygenated organic compounds contained in aqueous fractions derived from biomass treatments, wherein said method can comprise at least the following steps: (i) bringing the aqueous mixture containing the oxygenated organic compounds derived from biomass in contact with a catalyst comprising at least Sn and Nb, Sn and Ti, and combinations of Sn, Ti and Nb; (ii) reacting the mixture with the catalyst in a catalytic reactor at temperatures between 100 and 350° C. and under pressures from 1 to 80 bar in the absence of hydrogen; and (iii) recovering the products obtained by means of the liquid/liquid separation of the aqueous and organic phases.

The present disclosure generally relates to the utilization of a fine mineral matter in the process of upgrading the liquid products obtained by thermolysis or pyrolysis of solid plastic waste or biomass or from cracking, coking or visbreaking of petroleum feedstocks. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed to a process of stabilization of the free-radical intermediates formed during thermal or catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks including plastic waste and on a process of catalytic in-situ heavy oil upgrading. The fine mineral matter may be derived from natural sources or from synthetic sources.

Systems and methods are provided for co-processing of biomass oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system that include recovering an additional source of H.sub.2 or synthesis gas from the overhead product gas stream. The additional H.sub.2 can be used to partially hydrogenate biomass oil prior to co-processing the biomass oil in the fluid catalytic cracking system. Additionally or alternately, the additional synthesis gas can represent an additional yield of products from the process, such as an additional yield that can be used for synthesis of further liquid products.

The present disclosure provides methods and systems for co-processing a hydrocarbon feed in an FCC system with a second feed of a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil and a third feed of a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil and/or lubricant. A method of co-processing fluid catalytic cracking feeds, includes: introducing a hydrocarbon feed to a fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the hydrocarbon feed comprises hydrocarbons; introducing a biomass feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor wherein the biomass feed comprises a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil; introducing a waste feed to the fluid catalytic cracking reactor, wherein the waste feed comprises a plastic, a plastic-derived pyrolysis oil, a lubricant, or a combination thereof; and reacting at least the hydrocarbon feed, the biomass feed, and the waste feed in the presence of one or more fluid catalytic cracking catalysts in the fluid catalytic cracking reactor to produce cracked products.