A system and method produce hydrocarbons from biomass by fluid catalytic cracking. In one embodiment, the system is a fluid catalytic cracking system. The system includes a riser. The riser contains a catalyst. The system also includes a biological feed comprising biomass-derived liquid for the riser. In addition, the system includes a hydrocarbon feed comprising hydrocarbons for the riser. The biological feed and the hydrocarbons react in the riser in the presence of the catalyst to convert at least a portion of the biological feed and the hydrocarbons to hydrocarbon products. The hydrocarbon products comprise a concentration of oxygen from about 0.005 wt. % to about 6 wt. %.

Apparatuses and processes for converting an oxygenate feedstock, such as methanol and dimethyl ether, in a fluidized bed containing a catalyst to hydrocarbons, such as gasoline boiling components, olefins and aromatics are provided herein.

Systems and methods are provided for increasing the yield of products generated during co-processing of biomass oil in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) system. The systems and methods can allow for increased yield by reducing or minimizing formation of carbon oxides, gas phase products, and/or coke yields during the co-processing. This can be achieved by adding a hydrogen-rich co-feed to the co-processing environment. Examples of hydrogen-rich co-feeds include high hydrogen content vacuum gas oil co-feed, high hydrogen content distillate co-feed, and/or high hydrogen content naphtha co-feed. Additionally or alternately, various types of fractions that contain a sufficient amount of hydrogen donor compounds can be used to reduce or minimize carbon oxide formation.

The disclosure provides processes for fluid catalytic cracking of feed streams including hydrocarbons and varying amounts of mixed waste plastic oil to produce valuable petroleum products, such as light olefins. The process generally includes providing a waste plastic pyrolysis oil; passing the waste plastic pyrolysis oil through at least one guard bed configured to adsorb chlorine components; providing a hydrocarbon stream; combining the hydrocarbon stream with the waste plastic pyrolysis oil to provide a combined feed stream; and feeding the combined feed stream, along with steam, to a fluid catalytic cracking unit.

The present disclosure provides methods and systems for converting ethanol and cracking hydrocarbons into ethylene and at least cracked products. A method to convert ethanol and cracking hydrocarbons includes: introducing a hydrocarbon feed into a riser of a fluid catalytic cracking reactor such that hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon feed reacts in the presence of one or more fluid catalytic cracking catalysts to produce at least cracked products; and introducing an ethanol feed into an upper one third of a stripper of the fluid catalytic cracking reactor such that the ethanol reacts in the presence of spent catalyst flowing downwardly from a separator section of the fluid catalytic cracking reactor to produce at least ethylene.

The present disclosure generally relates to the utilization of a fine mineral matter in the process of upgrading the liquid products obtained by thermolysis or pyrolysis of solid plastic waste or biomass or from cracking, coking or visbreaking of petroleum feedstocks. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed to a process of stabilization of the free-radical intermediates formed during thermal or catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks including plastic waste and on a process of catalytic in-situ heavy oil upgrading. The fine mineral matter may be derived from natural sources or from synthetic sources.

The disclosure provides processes and systems for fluid catalytic cracking of feed streams including hydrocarbons and varying amounts of mixed waste plastic oil to produce valuable petroleum products, such as light olefins and aromatics. The processes generally include providing a waste plastic pyrolysis oil, treating the waste pyrolysis oil reduce a content of one or more of silicon, chlorine, nitrogen, sulfur, and higher olefin components, providing a hydrocarbon stream, combining the hydrocarbon stream with the waste plastic pyrolysis oil to provide a combined feed stream, and feeding the combined feed stream to a fluid catalytic cracking unit having a catalytic cracking catalyst containing a mixture of HZSM-5 and USY.

Catalyst compositions comprising a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder, and methods for making and using same, are disclosed. More, specifically, processes for making a catalyst for biomass conversion are provided. The process includes: treating a ZSM-5 zeolite with a phosphorous-containing compound to form a phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component; preparing a slurry comprising the phosphorous-promoted ZSM-5 component and a silica-containing binder; and shaping the slurry into shaped bodes. Such catalysts can be used for the Thermocatalytic conversion of particulate biomass to liquid products such as bio-oil, resulting in higher bio-oil yields and lower coke than conventional catalysts.

A method (100) for producing olefins is proposed, wherein a first gas mixture (b) is produced by means of a steam cracking process (1) and a second gas mixture (s) is produced by means of an oxygenate-to-olefin process (2), the first gas mixture (b) and the second gas mixture (s) each containing at least hydrocarbons with one to four carbon atoms. It is proposed that from the first gas mixture (b) a first fraction (h) is formed which contains at least the great majority of the hydrocarbons with four carbon atoms previously contained in the first gas mixture (b), from the second gas mixture (s) a second fraction (y) is formed which contains at least the great majority of the hydrocarbons with four carbon atoms previously contained in the second gas mixture (s), and that the hydrocarbons contained in the second fraction (y) and previously in the second gas mixture (s) are predominantly subjected in the steam cracking process (1) to cracking conditions under which any n-butane present is reacted by less than 92%. The invention further relates to an apparatus for this purpose.

The present invention relates to a method of subjecting a biomass feedstock to hydropyrolysis, the method at least comprising the steps of: a) supplying a biomass feedstock and a fluidizing gas comprising hydrogen to a bulk reactor zone of a fluidized bed reactor containing a deoxygenating catalyst; b) subjecting the biomass feedstock in the bulk reactor zone of the fluidized bed reactor to a hydropyrolysis reaction by contacting the biomass feedstock with the deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of the fluidizing gas, thereby obtaining a hydropyrolysis reactor output comprising at least one non-condensable gas, a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product and char; wherein the bulk reactor zone is cooled by means of a cooling fluid flowing through a plurality of tubes running through the bulk reactor zone, the plurality of tubes having inlets into and outlets from the bulk reactor zone; and wherein the cooling fluid flowing in the tubes at the point (A) where the biomass feedstock enters the bulk reactor zone has a temperature of at least 320 C., preferably at least 340 C., more preferably at least 350 C., even more preferably at least 370 C., yet even more preferably at least 380 C.