A system and method is provided for upgrading a continuously flowing process stream including heavy crude oil (HCO). A reactor receives the process stream in combination with water, at an inlet temperature within a range of about 60° C. to about 200° C. The reactor includes one or more process flow tubes having a combined length of about 30 times their aggregated transverse cross-sectional dimension, and progressively heats the process stream to an outlet temperature T(max)1 within a range of between about 260° C. to about 400° C. The reactor maintains the process stream at a pressure sufficient to ensure that it remains a single phase at T(max)1. A controller selectively adjusts the rate of flow of the process stream through the reactor to maintain a total residence time of greater than about 1 minute and less than about 25 minutes.

A system and method is provided for upgrading a continuously flowing process stream including heavy crude oil (HCO). A reactor receives the process stream in combination with water, at an inlet temperature within a range of about 60° C. to about 200° C. The reactor includes one or more process flow tubes having a combined length of about 30 times their aggregated transverse cross-sectional dimension, and progressively heats the process stream to an outlet temperature T(max)1 within a range of between about 260° C. to about 400° C. The reactor maintains the process stream at a pressure sufficient to ensure that it remains a single phase at T(max)1. A controller selectively adjusts the rate of flow of the process stream through the reactor to maintain a total residence time of greater than about 1 minute and less than about 25 minutes.

A burner sub-system, a furnace comprising the same, a fuel combustion process and steam cracking process carried out in the furnace. The burner sub-system comprises a barrier wall segment between the burner tip and the flue-gas recirculation (“FGR”) duct, effectively blocking direct gas flow between the burner tip and the FGR duct opening, but without encircling the whole burner tip. The presence of the partial barrier wall has the advantage of preventing the temperature inside the FGR duct from becoming too high, while achieving low NOx emissions from the combustion process without overheating the burner tip because of reduced amount of heat reflection to the burner tip compared to an annular barrier wall. The invention is particularly useful in furnaces where hydrogen-rich fuel gas is combusted.

A burner sub-system, a furnace comprising the same, a fuel combustion process and steam cracking process carried out in the furnace. The burner sub-system comprises a barrier wall segment between the burner tip and the flue-gas recirculation (“FGR”) duct, effectively blocking direct gas flow between the burner tip and the FGR duct opening, but without encircling the whole burner tip. The presence of the partial barrier wall has the advantage of preventing the temperature inside the FGR duct from becoming too high, while achieving low NOx emissions from the combustion process without overheating the burner tip because of reduced amount of heat reflection to the burner tip compared to an annular barrier wall. The invention is particularly useful in furnaces where hydrogen-rich fuel gas is combusted.

The present invention provides a pyrolysis tube for manufacturing olefin which tube can improve a yield of olefin in a pyrolysis reaction of a hydrocarbon raw material. The pyrolysis tube (1A) for manufacturing olefin includes a tubular base material (2) made of a heat resistant metal material and a dehydrogenating catalyst (4A) which is supported on an inner surface of the tubular base material (2).

An apparatus and method are provided for processing hydrocarbon feeds. The method may pass a pyrolysis feed to a thermal pyrolysis reactor and expose at least a portion of the pyrolysis feed to high-severity operating conditions in a thermal pyrolysis reactor, wherein the thermal pyrolysis reactor is operated at operating conditions that include pressure ≧36 psig and provide a reactor product that has a C.sub.3+ to C.sub.2 unsaturate weight ratio ≦0.5.

An apparatus and method are provided for processing hydrocarbon feeds. The method may pass a pyrolysis feed to a thermal pyrolysis reactor and expose at least a portion of the pyrolysis feed to high-severity operating conditions in a thermal pyrolysis reactor, wherein the thermal pyrolysis reactor is operated at operating conditions that include pressure ≧36 psig and provide a reactor product that has a C.sub.3+ to C.sub.2 unsaturate weight ratio ≦0.5.

A hydrocarbon cracker stream is combined with recycle content pyrolysis oil to form a combined cracker stream and the combined cracker stream is cracked in a cracker furnace to provide an olefin-containing effluent. The r-pyoil can be fed to the cracker feed. Alternatively, the r-pyoil with a predominantly C.sub.4-C.sub.7 fraction can be fed to the cracker feed. The furnace can be a gas fed furnace, or split cracker furnace.

A tube arrangement comprising a first metal tube, a second metal tube, a first sleeve part, and a second sleeve part. The first and second sleeve parts are threadedly connected to the first and second metal tubes. The first and second metal tubes are configured to be joined via a butt weld joint. The first sleeve and the second sleeve are configured to be joined via a second butt weld joint. The first sleeve part comprises a first outer surface extending at a first acute angle (α) to an axial center axis of the first sleeve part and the second sleeve part comprises a second outer surface extending at a second acute angle (β) to an axial center axis of the second sleeve part. The present disclosure also relates to a furnace.

A tube arrangement comprising a first metal tube, a second metal tube, a first sleeve part, and a second sleeve part. The first and second sleeve parts are threadedly connected to the first and second metal tubes. The first and second metal tubes are configured to be joined via a butt weld joint. The first sleeve and the second sleeve are configured to be joined via a second butt weld joint. The first sleeve part comprises a first outer surface extending at a first acute angle (α) to an axial center axis of the first sleeve part and the second sleeve part comprises a second outer surface extending at a second acute angle (β) to an axial center axis of the second sleeve part. The present disclosure also relates to a furnace.