Systems and methods monitoring progress of procedures by radiation exposure are provided. Position data is received for an equipment item used for the procedure and configured to produce radiation (“radiation device”). Position data is received from the tracking device during the procedure. An estimated exposure level is determined by a controller for the individual based, at least in part, on the position data from the tracking device relative to the position data from the radiation device and compared to a benchmark. If the estimated exposure level for the individual exceeds the benchmark, an electronic notification is generated.

An apparatus and a method for correcting for signal variations in pixels of a main photoelectric conversion element in a radiation detection apparatus due to focal spot position drifts. Edge reference detectors are positioned next to a main detector, in a fan beam coverage but outside a scan field of view. The signal variations of the edge reference detectors under an anti-scatter-grid shadow are used to estimate a real-time focal spot movement, which is used to estimate a shadow/signal variation on the main detector that are in the scan field of view.

A surgical frame and a radiation-mitigation system are provided. The surgical frame can be capable of reconfiguration before, during, or after surgery, and can include a main beam that can be rotated, raised/lowered, and tilted upwardly/downwardly to afford positioning and repositioning of a patient supported thereon. Furthermore, use of imaging techniques to facilitate imaging of anatomical structures of a patient before, during, and after surgery can be desirous. An emitter of such imaging techniques can be positioned under the main beam of the surgical frame. The radiation-mitigation system can serve to intercept/block and mitigate at least some of the scatter of the electromagnetic radiation from the emitter.

An x-ray imaging apparatus and associated methods are provided to execute multi-pass imaging scans for improved quality and workflow. An imaging scan can be segmented into multiple passes that are faster than the full imaging scan. Data received by an initial scan pass can be utilized early in the workflow and of sufficient quality for treatment setup, including while the another scan pass is executed to generate data needed for higher quality images, which may be needed for treatment planning. In one embodiment, a data acquisition and reconstruction technique is used when the detector is offset in the channel and/or axial direction for a large FOV during multiple passes.

A semiconductor device measurement method using X-ray scattering includes preparing a semiconductor device including a repeat structure, irradiating X-rays onto the semiconductor device to obtain a first X-ray scattering image, calculating a second X-ray scattering image through simulation, the second X-ray scattering image corresponding to a target repeat structure for the semiconductor device, generating a repeat structure mask by analyzing a position of a signal for a regular repeat structure from the second X-ray scattering image, removing the repeat structure mask from the first X-ray scattering image and generating an error image; and analyzing the error image and calculating irregularities for the repeat structure of the semiconductor device.

A multi-modality imaging system allows for selectable photoelectric effect and/or Compton effect detection. The camera or detector is a module with a catcher detector. Depending on the use or design, a scatter detector and/or a coded physical aperture are positioned in front of the catcher detector relative to the patient space. For low energies, emissions passing through the scatter detector continue through the coded aperture to be detected by the catcher detector using the photoelectric effect. Alternatively, the scatter detector is not provided. For higher energies, some emissions scatter at the scatter detector, and resulting emissions from the scattering pass by or through the coded aperture to be detected at the catcher detector for detection using the Compton effect. Alternatively, the coded aperture is not provided. The same module may be used to detect using both the photoelectric and Compton effects where both the scatter detector and coded aperture are provided with the catcher detector. Multiple modules may be positioned together to form a larger camera, or a module is used alone. By using modules, any number of modules may be used to fit with a multi-modality imaging system. One or more such modules may be added to another imaging system (e.g., CT or MR) for a multi-modality imaging system.

An x-ray imaging apparatus and associated methods are provided to execute multi-pass imaging scans for improved quality and workflow. An imaging scan can be segmented into multiple passes that are faster than the full imaging scan. Data received by an initial scan pass can be utilized early in the workflow and of sufficient quality for treatment setup, including while the another scan pass is executed to generate data needed for higher quality images, which may be needed for treatment planning. In one embodiment, a data acquisition and reconstruction technique is used when the detector is offset in the channel and/or axial direction for a large FOV during multiple passes.

Provided is a method for compensating scattering of an X-ray image, which includes: (a) receiving an original X-ray image as an input; (b) initializing a primary image into the original X-ray image; (c) estimating a scattered image from the primary image; (d) updating the primary image by using the original X-ray image and the scattered image; (e) judging whether a termination condition is satisfied; (f) iterating steps (c) to (e) above by using the primary image updated through step (d) above into the primary image for step (c) above when the termination condition is not satisfied; and (g) outputting the primary image updated through step (d) above as a scattering compensated image when the termination condition is satisfied.

Multimodal imaging apparatus and methods include a rotatable gantry system with multiple sources of radiation comprising different energy levels (for example, kV and MV). Fast slip-ring technology and helical scans allow data from multiple sources of radiation to be combined or utilized to generate improved images and workflows, including for IGRT. Features include large field-of-view (LFOV) MV imaging, kV region-of-interest (ROI) imaging, and scalable field-of-view (SFOV) dual energy imaging.

A radiotherapy delivery device is provided. The device includes a source of therapeutic radiation and a first detector positioned to receive radiation from the source of therapeutic radiation. The device also includes a source of imaging radiation and a second detector positioned to receive radiation from the source of imaging radiation. A collimator assembly is positioned relative to the second source of radiation to selectively control a shape of a radiation beam emitted by the second radiation source to selectively expose part or the whole of the second radiation detector. A reconstruction processor can be operatively coupled to the detector and configured to generate patient images based on radiation received by the second detector from the second source of radiation. The device is configured to move from one imaging geometry to another using all or part of the second detector.