Systems operable to produce liquid transportation fuels by converting a hydrocarbon feed stream that comprises both isopentane and n-pentane. The system separates the hydrocarbon feed stream to form a first fraction comprising isopentane and smaller hydrocarbons, and a second fraction comprising n-pentane and larger components of the hydrocarbon feeds stream. Each fraction is then catalytically-activated in a separate activation reactor containing a separate activation catalyst, where the conditions maintained in each reactor are selected to maximize the conversion of each fraction to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. Optionally, the first activation reactor is maintained at a lower temperature than the second activation reactor. Certain embodiments are operable to combine at least a portion of the first and second activation effluents and convert the mixed effluent by either oligomerization or alkylation to produce a liquid transportation fuel or a blend component thereof.

Hydrodeoxygenating a biorenewable feed that is concentrated in free fatty acids with 12 and 14 carbon atoms at a moderate hydrodeoxygenation ratio that is less than the ratio of hydrodeoxygenation utilized for traditional biorenewable feeds such as vegetable oil or even mineral feedstocks, normal paraffins in the range desired by the detergents industry can be produced. Either hydroisomerization or an iso-normal separation can be performed to provide green fuel streams. Two reactors are proposed, one for hydrodeoxygenation of the biorenewable feed that is concentrated in free fatty acids with 12 and 14 carbon atoms and the other for a traditional biorenewable feed or even a mineral feed operated at a higher deoxygenation ratio.

The present disclosure relates generally to processes and systems for producing liquid transportation fuels by converting a feed stream that comprises both isopentane and n-pentane, and optionally, some C6+ hydrocarbons. Isopentane and smaller hydrocarbons are separated to form a first fraction while n-pentane and larger components of the feed stock form a second fraction. Each fraction is then catalytically-activated in a separate reaction zone with a separate catalyst, where the conditions maintained in each zone maximize the conversion of each fraction to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. In certain embodiments, the first fraction is activated at a lower temperature than the second fraction. Certain embodiments additionally comprise mixing at least a portion of the two effluents and contacting with an alkylation catalyst to provide enhanced yields of mono-alkylated aromatics that are suitable for use as a blend component of liquid transportation fuels or other value-added chemical products.

The present disclosure relates generally to systems operable to produce liquid transportation fuels by converting a hydrocarbon feed stream that comprises both isopentane and n-pentane, and optionally, some C6+ hydrocarbons. The system separates the hydrocarbon feed stream to form a first fraction comprising isopentane and smaller hydrocarbons, and a second fraction comprising n-pentane and larger components of the hydrocarbon feeds stream. Each fraction is then catalytically-activated in a separate activation reactor containing a separate activation catalyst, where the conditions maintained in each reactor are selected to maximize the conversion of each fraction to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. In certain embodiments, the first activation reactor is maintained at a lower temperature than the second activation reactor. Certain embodiments of the system mix at least a portion of the effluents from the first and second activation reactor and convert the resulting mixed effluent in either an oligomerization reactor containing an oligomerization catalyst or an oligomerization reactor containing an alkylation catalyst to provide enhanced yields of upgraded hydrocarbon products that are characterized as a liquid transportation fuel or a blend component thereof.

In a process for upgrading paraffins and olefins, a first feed comprising C.sub.14 olefins is contacted with an oligomerization catalyst in a first reaction zone under conditions effective for oligomerization of olefins to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. Deactivated catalyst is removed from the first reaction zone at a first temperature and is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas and a hydrocarbon-containing fuel in a regeneration zone to regenerate the catalyst and raise the temperature of the catalyst to a second, higher temperature. A second feed comprising C.sub.14 paraffins is contacted with the regenerated catalyst in a second reaction zone to convert at least some of the paraffins in the second feed to a reaction effluent comprising olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons and regenerated catalyst; and the reaction effluent is supplied to the first reaction zone. A system for performing such a process and a product of such a process are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to conversion of hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon feed is hydroprocessed wherein it is hydrocracked in the presence of a catalyst to obtain different hydrocarbon products, which can be suitably processed further to obtain valuable hydrocarbon products.

In a process for upgrading paraffins and olefins, a first feed comprising C.sub.14 olefins is contacted with an oligomerization catalyst in a first reaction zone under conditions effective for oligomerization of olefins to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. Deactivated catalyst is removed from the first reaction zone at a first temperature and is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas and a hydrocarbon-containing fuel in a regeneration zone to regenerate the catalyst and raise the temperature of the catalyst to a second, higher temperature. A second feed comprising C.sub.14 paraffins is contacted with the regenerated catalyst in a second reaction zone to convert at least some of the paraffins in the second feed to a reaction effluent comprising olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons and regenerated catalyst; and the reaction effluent is supplied to the first reaction zone. A system for performing such a process and a product of such a process are also provided.

This present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses for toluene methylation in an aromatics complex for producing paraxylene. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to processes and apparatuses wherein a toluene methylation zone is integrated within an aromatics complex for producing paraxylene thus allowing no benzene byproduct to be produced. This may be accomplished by incorporating a toluene methylation process into the aromatics complex and recycling the benzene to the transalkylation unit the aromatics complex.

The present subject matter describes processes for increasing overall aromatics and xylenes yield in an aromatics complex. More specifically, the process for increasing overall aromatics and xylenes yield in an aromatics complex accomplishes the increased yields by incorporating an A.sub.8-A.sub.10 isomerization step into the aromatics complex. This isomerization integration increases the para-xylene.

A process and a plant for producing olefins from oxygenates such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether are proposed, in which initially the oxygenates are converted to a primary product containing propylene, other olefins, paraffins and aromatics in an olefin synthesis reactor. The primary product is separated into hydrocarbon fractions of different C chain length, wherein short-chain olefins such as propylene are obtained and beside further fractions there is also obtained a C.sub.7 fraction which contains C.sub.5/C.sub.6 olefins, as well as a C.sub.7+ fraction which contains aromatics. From the latter, the aromatics are separated and alkylated with the C.sub.5/C.sub.6 olefins to obtain alkyl aromatics. The same are hydrogenated completely and recirculated to the olefin synthesis reactor, where they likewise are converted to short-chain olefins.