A cracker stream is provided that contains a recycle content pyrolysis oil composition, a predominantly C.sub.5 to C.sub.22 hydrocarbon composition, and steam at a steam-to-hydrocarbon ratio of at least 0.60:1. The method for making olefins includes: (a) combining a predominantly C.sub.5 to C.sub.22 hydrocarbon stream with a recycle content pyrolysis oil composition (r-pyoil) to provide a combined cracker stream; and (b) cracking the combined cracker stream in a cracker furnace to provide an olefin-containing effluent stream, wherein the combined cracker stream contains steam at a steam-to-hydrocarbon ratio greater than 0.60:1. There is also provided a cracker stream including r-pyoil), a predominantly C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbon composition, and steam at a steam-to-hydrocarbon ratio of at least 0.20:1. Olefins can be made from this cracker stream as well.

A method is disclosed for preparing a renewable fuel blend. The method includes subjecting at least two feedstocks of different biological origins to catalytic cracking in a catalytic cracking unit and to hydrotreatment in a hydrotreatment unit to form a fuel blend having an aromatic hydrocarbon content from 26 to 42 wt-% and a paraffinic hydrocarbon content of less than 53 wt-%, as measured according to ASTM D2425-04 (2011). The fuel blend is formed by mixing the at least two feedstocks together before subjecting them to the catalytic cracking and hydrotreatment, or by obtaining a first fuel component and at least one further fuel component from the catalytic cracking and hydrotreatment of the at least two feedstocks, and mixing the first fuel component and the at least one further fuel component together.

A method is disclosed for reducing fouling in catalytic cracking. The method includes subjecting a recycled fossil-based feedstock to a heat treatment, evaporating the heat-treated feedstock, hydrotreating resulting evaporation distillate and performing catalytic cracking of the hydrotreated distillate in a presence of a solid acid catalyst.

Provided is a continuous process for converting waste plastic into recycle for chemical production. The process comprises selecting waste plastics containing polyethylene and/or polypropylene and preparing a stable blend of a bio feedstock and the selected plastic. The amount of plastic in the blend comprises no more than 20 wt. % of the blend. The blend is passed to a conversion unit. Useful chemicals are recovered, including C.sub.3 and C.sub.4 olefins and aromatics.

A method for hydrotreating and recycling waste lubricating oil, the method comprising the two steps of slurry bed pre-hydrotreatment and deep hydrotreatment, specifically as follows: mechanical impurities are removed from waste lubricating oil, and then the oil is subjected to flash distillation to separate free water and a portion of light hydrocarbons; a bottom product of the flash distillation column is mixed with hydrogen and a self-sulfurizing oil-soluble transition metal catalyst, and then enters a slurry bed reactor for pre-hydrotreatment; a liquid product obtained by performing separation on a reaction effluent is subjected to hydrocyclone separation and solvent washing to remove solid residue, and then a pre-treated lubricating oil component is obtained; said component is mixed with hydrogen and then enters a hydrofining reactor, an isomerization-dewaxing reactor, and a supplementary refining reactor, connected in series, for hydrotreatment; and the reaction products are separated to obtain high-quality naphtha, diesel oil and a lubricating base oil. The method of the present invention has such advantages as simple processing procedures, a high oil liquid yield, good lubricating oil base oil quality, and can implement full-fraction resource utilization of waste lubricating oil. In addition, the oil-soluble catalyst features simple dispersion, no need for vulcanization, a small catalyst adding amount, high low-temperature hydrogenation activity, is capable of effectively preventing the coking that could occur during a process of preheating the waste lubricating oil, and ensures long-term stable operation of the device.

According to one aspect of the invention, a catalyst tower is provided, which comprises a gas inlet and a catalyst holding plate set therein. The gas inlet is the opening where the catalyst tower and the upstream piping connects with one another. The distance between the gas inlet and the catalyst holding plate is directly proportional to the difference in diameter between the catalyst tower and the upstream piping.

Systems and methods are provided for co-processing of used lubricant oils with a coker feedstock in a fluidized coking process to form lubricant base stocks. The fluidized coking process can remove contaminants and/or additives from used lubricant oils with modest conversion of the lubricant boiling range portion.

The invention provides a thermal cracking system which comprises a reactor, and a feed module or a solid product discharge module. The feed module transports a feed material from the outside environment to the reactor. While being transported, the feed material is heated by the feed module to become molten and fills up the interior of the feed module, thereby preventing air from entering the reactor. The solid product discharge module transports a solid product from the reactor to the outside environment. One end of the solid product discharge module is connected with the reactor. The other end of the solid product discharge module comprises a first opening interfacing with the outside environment. When the solid product is transported to the outside environment, the opening size of the first opening is selected such that the speed at which the solid product is entering the solid product discharge module form the reactor is equal to or greater than that at which the solid product is leaving the solid product discharge module, through the first opening, and into the outside environment. Benefit of the invention includes a higher production efficiency and enhanced safety for a thermal cracking system at industrial scale.

A method for refining fuel oil comprises subjecting fuel oil to an extraction treatment with an extraction agent to extract a light component from the fuel oil, so as to obtain a light oil mixture containing the light component of the fuel oil and the extraction agent. The extraction agent is selected from the group consisting of a matter composed of oil and miscible with the light component of the fuel oil, a non-polar compound in a gaseous state at the room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and a combination thereof. The extraction agent is in a liquid state during the extraction treatment.

The present invention relates to a pressure-controlled oil refining device for refining oil from liquid-state oil waste. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pressure-controlled oil refining device wherein: liquid-state oil waste is introduced and then heated such that, as the pressure rises, the vaporized fluid (oil+impurities) is transferred in the upward direction; a pressure valve is opened/closed such that the oil and impurities can be separated from the fluid and then discharged; the oil is condensed by a cooler such that the same can be liquefied again and stored; and the oil can be refined from the oil waste and reused.