The present technology relates to hydrocarbon fuels comprising renewable content. More particularly, the technology relates to manufacture of renewable diesel for potential use as aviation turbine fuel blendstock.

The present invention addresses to a hydrothermal liquefaction process capable of generating a liquid stream, rich in renewable molecules, with lower oxygen content, lower percentage of water and lower acidity compared to other products of thermochemical processes of biomass conversion. In order to effectively carry out this process, a catalyst was developed, obtained from the calcination of castor bean hull, to be used in the field of biofuels in order to provide an environmentally friendly alternative for the production of fuels.

A process for the manufacture of a useful product from carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics, the process comprising the steps of: continuously providing the carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics to a gasification zone; gasifying the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to obtain raw synthesis gas; sequentially removing ammoniacal, sulphurous and carbon dioxide impurities from the raw synthesis gas to form desulphurised gas and recovering carbon dioxide in substantially pure form; converting at least a portion of the desulphurised synthesis gas to a useful product. Despite having selected a more energy intensive sub-process i.e. physical absorption for removal of acid gas impurities, the overall power requirement of the facility is lower on account of lower steam requirements and thereby leading to a decrease in the carbon intensity score for the facility.

Provided is a method for upgrading a bio-based material, the method including the steps of pre-treating bio-renewable oil(s) and/or fat(s) to provide a bio-based fresh feed material, hydrotreating the bio-based fresh feed material, followed by separation, to provide a bio-propane composition.

The present disclosure relates to methods for the production of a renewable crude oil from plant oils and animal fats. The renewable crude is a drop-in renewable crude that can be processed in a petroleum refinery with minimal or no modifications.

The present invention discloses a rapid evaluation method for quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil and an application thereof, and particularly relates to a rapid evaluation method for quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil based on radical detection and an application thereof. The method can be used to evaluate the quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil by detecting the spin concentration of radicals in lignin char obtained by lignin pyrolysis, thus avoiding the complex processes involved in the evaluation for the quality of conventional pyrolyzed bio-oils such as, extraction, separation and detection and reducing the detection costs substantially. The detection method of the present invention is simple and easy to operate, thus achieving the rapid evaluation for the quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil. Moreover, the detection method of the present invention is non-contact detection without destructive samples, which is applicable to the rapid detection on the quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil in the field of industry and scientific research. The present invention further broadens the application fields of radical detection and contributes to the development of radical detection technology in the field of pyrolysis, and provides a reliable method for the detection of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil, which has good application prospect.

The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons wherein a feed is hydrotreated in a hydrotreating step and isomerised in an isomerisation step, and a feed comprising fresh feed containing more than 5 wt % of free fatty acids and at least one diluting agent is hydrotreated at a reaction temperature of 200-400° C., in a hydrotreating reactor in the presence of catalyst, and the ratio of the diluting agent/fresh feed is 5-30:1.

Where thermochemical liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass is conducted using recirculated product oil as solvent, yields can be substantially increased by addition of a short chain alcohol reactant such as ethanol or methanol. A synergistic effect is thereby obtained where liquefaction is improved over using either recycled product oil or alcohol alone. The combination of re-circulated product oil and alcohol reactant permits high conversion at operating pressures considerably lower than typically applied in alcohol solvolysis, typically within the range 30-60 bar. The liquefaction reaction occurs at subcritical pressure where the alcohol acts as a gaseous reactant and not as a solvent.

A process for preparing a catalyst comprises coating substantial internal surfaces of porous inorganic powders with titanium oxide to form titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders. After the coating, an extrudate comprising the titanium oxide-coated inorganic powders is formed and calcined to form a catalyst support. Then, the catalyst support is impregnated with a solution containing one or more salts of metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, cobalt, and nickel.

A method is disclosed for preparing a renewable fuel blend. The method includes subjecting at least two feedstocks of different biological origins to catalytic cracking in a catalytic cracking unit and to hydrotreatment in a hydrotreatment unit to form a fuel blend having an aromatic hydrocarbon content from 26 to 42 wt-% and a paraffinic hydrocarbon content of less than 53 wt-%, as measured according to ASTM D2425-04 (2011). The fuel blend is formed by mixing the at least two feedstocks together before subjecting them to the catalytic cracking and hydrotreatment, or by obtaining a first fuel component and at least one further fuel component from the catalytic cracking and hydrotreatment of the at least two feedstocks, and mixing the first fuel component and the at least one further fuel component together.