This invention relates to a process for the conversion of a feedstock comprising a lignin-comprising material, comprising the steps (a) to (c): (a) charging the feedstock to a fluidized bed reactor; (b) pyrolyzing at least part of the feedstock in the fluidized bed reactor while introducing a carrier gas into the reactor, to produce pyrolysis vapours; (c) reacting at least part of the pyrolysis vapours coming from step (b) in a second reactor comprising a catalyst, to produce hydrocarbon products comprising aromatics.

Embodiments of a method for producing bio-oil include hydrothermal liquefaction of a biomass (e.g., a lignocellulosic biomass) feedstock to provide a process stream comprising crude oil and an aqueous fraction. The process stream is catalytically upgraded by contact with a sulfided-ruthenium catalyst, in the absence of added hydrogen, at a temperature and pressure effective to reduce an oxygen content of the crude oil, reduce a nitrogen content of the crude oil, reduce a total acid number of the crude oil, increase a H:C mole ratio of the crude oil, reduce a density of the crude oil, reduce a moisture content of the crude oil, reduce viscosity of the crude oil, or any combination thereof, thereby producing an upgraded oil and an upgraded aqueous fraction, which are subsequently separated. The catalytic upgrading process may be a plug-flow process and/or may be performed at or near liquefaction conditions.

The present disclosure relates to the thermal liquefaction of lignin, and more particularly to lignin solvolysis of a lignin feedstock chosen based on its molecular weight. The process comprises subjecting a feed mixture (30) of lignin feedstock (10) and solvent (20) to a thermal liquefaction step by heating (110) the feed mixture (30) at a temperature between 360 and 420 ° C., separating (120) a liquid product mix (50) from a product mix (40); and recirculating at least part of said liquid product mix (50) as an oil fraction of said solvent (20).

A method of producing an aromatic chemical, comprises: providing a feedstock comprising biomass to a first reactor to produce a first product stream, wherein the first product stream comprises methane and carbon dioxide; combining the first product stream with a recycle stream to form a second reactor feed stream; passing the second reactor feed stream through a second reactor to produce a second product stream comprising aromatics and hydrogen gas; recovering aromatics from the second product stream to create a recovery stream depleted of aromatics; combining the recovery stream with a stream comprising carbon dioxide to form a combined recovery stream; passing the combined recovery stream to a third reactor to produce the recycle stream comprising gas; and forming an aromatic chemical from the second product stream.

A method for producing a pyrolysis oil is described. In said method, a feedstock to be treated is first pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis zone, in which the feedstock is heated to a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius to 700 degrees Celsius; and pyrolyzed solids and pyrolysis vapors are formed. The pyrolysis vapors are then reformed at a temperature of 450 degrees Celsius to 1,200 degrees Celsius in a post-conditioning zone, in which the pyrolysis vapors are brought into contact with a catalyst bed, wherein the pyrolysis oil is formed. In this case, the catalyst comprises a pyrolyzed solid, which can be obtained according to the pyrolysis, described above. Finally the pyrolysis oil is separated from the additional pyrolysis products, which are formed, in a separation unit.

The present invention discloses a rapid evaluation method for quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil and an application thereof, and particularly relates to a rapid evaluation method for quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil based on radical detection and an application thereof. The method can be used to evaluate the quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil by detecting the spin concentration of radicals in lignin char obtained by lignin pyrolysis, thus avoiding the complex processes involved in the evaluation for the quality of conventional pyrolyzed bio-oils such as, extraction, separation and detection and reducing the detection costs substantially. The detection method of the present invention is simple and easy to operate, thus achieving the rapid evaluation for the quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil. Moreover, the detection method of the present invention is non-contact detection without destructive samples, which is applicable to the rapid detection on the quality of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil in the field of industry and scientific research. The present invention further broadens the application fields of radical detection and contributes to the development of radical detection technology in the field of pyrolysis, and provides a reliable method for the detection of lignin-pyrolyzed bio-oil, which has good application prospect.

A system for producing catalytically treated pyrolytic vapor.The system comprises a pyrolysis reactor (100) configured to produce pyrolytic vapor and a catalytic reactor (200) limiting abed area (B) into which a fluidized catalyst bed is configured to form in use. The catalytic reactor (200) comprises a static mixer (300) configured to spread the particulate catalyst within the bed area (B). Thus, the catalytic reactor (200) is configured to produce a mixture of the particulate catalyst and the catalytically treated pyrolytic vapor from the pyrolytic vapor. A method for producing catalytically treated pyrolytic vapor. The method comprises producing pyrolytic vapor and allowing at least a clean part of the pyrolytic vapor to chemically react in the presence of the particulate catalyst to produce a mixture of the particulate catalyst and catalytically treated pyrolytic vapor. The method comprises mixing, in the bed area, the pyrolytic vapor and the particulate catalyst with a static mixer.

According to one embodiment, a system and process for the equalization of pressures of a flow stream across one or more valves is provided. A process circuit having clean non-abrasive fluid and at least one slave cylinder fbr transmitting pressure to a process flow stream is employed.

A process for liquid-liquid extraction of an oil-blend of non-uniform oligomeric and polymeric components comprising: (a) preselecting a desired molecular weight (Mw) boundary between heavy and light components; (b) selecting an extractive solvent or an extractive mixture of solvents, which form essentially a single phase with the light components; (c) mixing the oil-blend and the extractive solvent or extractive mixture of solvents selected in step (b) at elevated temperature, which is at least at or above said fractionation temperature, and wherein the extractive solvent/mixture of solvents to oil-blend ratio is from 1:2 to 100:1; (d) allowing a phase split to form between the heavy components fraction and the light components/extractive solvent fraction at the fractionation temperature or at most 10° C. below the fractionation temperature; (e) followed by separation of said fractions.

Chemical reactor with high speed rotary mixing, system thereof, and method thereof, for catalytic thermal conversion of organic (hydrocarbon-containing) materials (coal, plastics, rubber, plant matter, wood shavings, biomass, organic wastes) into diesel and other liquid fuels (automobile or/and jet engine fuels). Relevant to non-conventional commercial scale production of liquid fuels, and to commercial scale processing and disposing of organic waste materials. Chemical reactor includes: integrated combination of a reactor stationary assembly (RSA), having only stationary components remaining stationary during chemical reactor operation, and a reactor rotary mixing assembly (RRMA), having only rotatable components rotating during chemical reactor operation. May include anti-abrasion shield for shielding inner surface of reactor central housing from abrasion during chemical reactor operation. Rotor may include a reinforcement disc. Rotor blades or/and reinforcement disc may include rotor-based performance and process control structural features (openings, or/and protrusions, or/and depressions), for additionally controlling performance of the rotor.