The present technology provides a method that includes contacting a composition with a caustic solution to produce a caustic-treated composition; combining the caustic-treated composition with silica particles to produce a slurry; and removing the silica particles from the slurry to produce a treated composition; wherein the composition includes one or more of animal fats, animal oils, plant fats, plant oils, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, greases, and used cooking oil and the composition includes: at least about 10 wppm of total metals, at least about 8 wppm of phosphorus, at least about 10 wppm of chlorine, at least about 10 wppm of sulfur, at least about 20 wppm of nitrogen, at least about 5 wt. % of free fatty acids; and has an acid number from about 10 mg KOH/g to about 150 mg KOH/g, and the silica particles has a particle size from about 10 microns to about 50 microns, a BET surface area from about 200 m.sup.2/g to about 1000 m.sup.2/g.

The present technology relates to hydrocarbon fuels comprising renewable content. More particularly, the technology relates to manufacture of renewable diesel for potential use as aviation turbine fuel blendstock.

A system and method for renewable diesel synthesis utilizes a triglyceride feedstock derived from biological sources. The first step involves hydrolysis of the triglycerides into an intermediate feedstock comprising a mixture of free fatty acids and glycerol (separated from the FFA by decantation and then distilled). The FFA is then further processed in a distillation step to produce a stream free of catalyst poisons and utilized as feedstock for hydrotreatment in a renewable diesel production process. By converting the initial triglyceride feedstock to an FFA feedstock, the need to hydrotreat at typical high temperature that promote the decarboxylation reaction is obviated, thereby reducing the production of CO2, generating a significantly higher proportion of saturated, long chain C14, C16 or C18 hydrocarbons (as opposed to short-chain carbons such as propane), and the more valuable glycerol product is secured.

The present technology relates to hydrocarbon fluids, and more particularly, a hydrocarbon lighter fluid derived from renewable sources. Specifically, renewable fatty acids/glycerides are converted to a charcoal lighter fluid with the same or better performance than a petroleum middle distillate derived charcoal lighter fluid.

A method is disclosed for preparing an aviation fuel composition by subjecting a feedstock of biological and/or recycled origin to cracking in a cracking unit and to fractionation in a fractionation unit to obtain a kerosene fraction. The obtained kerosene fraction is subjected to hydrotreatment in a hydrotreatment unit to form a first jet fuel component. The formed first jet fuel component is mixed with a further jet fuel component to form a fuel composition having a wear scar diameter of 0.78 mm or less, as measured with BOCLE lubricity test method according to ASTM D5001. The feedstock contains one or more of tall oil pitch (TOP), a mixture of sludge palm oil, palm fatty acid distillate and animal fat (FATS), and used lubricant oil (ULO).

A method for producing a renewable base oil from a feedstock of biological origin includes providing a feedstock, the feedstock including: 2-95 wt % of a mixture of free fatty acids; 5-98 wt % fatty acid glycerols selected from mono-glycerides, di-glycerides and tri-glycerides of fatty acids; 0-50 wt % of one or more compounds selected from the list consisting of: fatty acid esters of the non-glycerol type, fatty amides and fatty alcohols; a major part of the feedstock being a mixture of free fatty acids and fatty acid glycerols; subjecting all or part of the feedstock to ketonisation reaction conditions where two free fatty acids react to yield a ketone stream, and subjecting the ketone stream to both hydrodeoxygenation and to hydroisomerisation reaction conditions, to yield a deoxygenated and isomerised base oil product stream containing the renewable base oil.

An improved hydroisomerization catalyst and process for making a base oil product wherein the catalyst comprises a base extrudate that includes SSZ-91 molecular sieve and a high nanopore volume alumina. The catalyst and process generally involves the use of a SSZ-91/high nanopore volume alumina based catalyst to produce dewaxed base oil products by contacting the catalyst with a hydrocarbon feedstock. The catalyst base extrudate advantageously comprises an alumina having a pore volume in the 11-20 nm pore diameter range of 0.05 to 1.0 cc/g, with the base extrudate formed from SSZ-91 and the alumina having a total pore volume in the 2-50 nm pore diameter range of 0.12 to 1.80 cc/g. The catalyst and process provide improved base oil yield with reduced gas and fuels production.

The process removes hydrogen sulfide from hydrotreated gas by TSA. Hydrogen sulfide adsorbs on the adsorbent while allowing hydrogen in the hydrotreated gas to pass the adsorbent to provide a desulfided hydrogen gas stream and a sulfided adsorbent. A regenerant gas stream can be contacted with the sulfided adsorbent at a swing temperature to desorb hydrogen sulfide from the adsorbent into the regenerant gas stream. The regenerant gas stream can then be recycled to a hydrotreating reactor for processing biorenewable feed to provide hydrogen sulfide to the reactor. The desulfided gas stream can be purified to remove impurities such as carbon oxides and recycled to the hydrotreating reactor and/or used as the regenerant gas stream.

Process and plant for producing hydrocarbon products from a feedstock originating from a renewable source, where a hydrogen-rich stream and on off-gas stream comprising hydrocarbons is formed. A portion of the hydrogen-rich stream is used as a recycle gas stream in a hydroprocessing stage for the production of said hydrocarbon products, and another portion may be used for hydrogen production, while the off-gas stream is treated to remove its H.sub.2S content and used as a recycle gas stream in the hydrogen producing unit, from which the hydrogen produced i.e. make-up hydrogen, is used in the hydroprocessing stage. The invention enables minimizing natural gas consumption in the hydrogen producing unit as well as steam reformer size.

A method is disclosed of purifying a recycled or renewable organic material, wherein the recycled or renewable organic material includes more than 1 ppm silicon as silicon compounds and/or more than 10 ppm phosphorous as phosphorous compounds. The method can include providing a feed of the lipid material; heat treating the organic material in presence of an adsorbent and the filtering organic material and hydrotreating the lipid material in a presence of a hydrotreating catalyst to obtain purified hydrotreated organic material having less than 20% organic material and/or less than 30% of the original phosphorous content of the organic material.