A method of demulsifying an emulsion with an ionic liquid having a nitrogen or phosphorus cation.

The present invention relates to the use of adsorbents comprising zinc oxide nanowires decorated with catalytically active metal particles for the removal of sulfur from hydrocarbon feedstocks, including the desulfurization of diesel fuels and the deep desulfurization of natural gas, and to the use of decorated zinc oxide nanowire adsorbents for the hydrogenation of naphthalene selectively to tetralin in the presence of sulfur compounds. The adsorbent comprises nickel metal particles or nickel-zinc alloy particles deposited on zinc oxide nanowires.

A first method for refining dicyclopentadiene of the present invention is characterized in that the method separates and recovers dicyclopentadiene by distilling the crude dicyclopentadiene that contains dicyclopentadiene and is obtained by removing a C5 fraction and a BTX fraction from the reaction product obtained by dimerization reaction of the cracked gasoline by-produced in an ethylene plant that uses as feed stock a C2 fraction, a C3 fraction and a C4 fraction. A second method for refining dicyclopentadiene of the present invention is characterized in that the dicyclopentadiene-containing fraction refined by distillation is brought into contact with an inert gas or a hydrocarbon gas having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for hydrotreating hydrocarbons are provided. An exemplary method includes hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feed comprising heating a hydrotreating zone effluent to produce a heated hydrotreating zone effluent. An indirect heat exchange takes place between the heated hydrotreating zone effluent and hydrocarbon feed to provide a heated hydrocarbon feed.

The invention relates to a process and system arrangement to generate benzene, toluene and xylenes in a refinery. The process relies on recycling a C.sub.9+ aromatic bottoms stream from an aromatic recovery complex back to rejoining a hydrotreated naphtha stream as it enters a catalytic reformer. The aromatic bottoms can be further reacted through both the reformer and the subsequent aromatic recovery complex to transform to higher value compounds, thereby reducing waste or reducing bottoms' presence in gasoline pools.

A process for the treatment of a gasoline containing sulfur compounds and olefins includes the following stages: a) hydrodesulfurization in the presence of a catalyst having an oxide support and an active phase having a metal from group VIB and a metal from group VIII, b) hydrodesulfurization at a higher temperature than that of stage a) and in the presence of a catalyst having an oxide support and an active phase with at least one metal from group VIII, c) separation of H.sub.2S formed, d) hydrodesulfurization at a low hydrogen/feedstock ratio and in the presence of a hydrodesulfurization catalyst having an oxide support and an active phase having a metal from group VIB and a metal from group VIII or an active phase with at least one metal from group VIII, and e) further separation of H.sub.2S formed.

Systems and methods for processing full range naphtha feeds to produce a light olefins stream and an aromatics stream are described. In particular, the invention concerns integration of catalytic cracking with steam cracking to maximize production of aromatics.

Systems and methods for producing olefins and/or aromatics via catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon feed are disclosed. The hydrocarbon feed is cracked in a reaction unit having one or more fluidized bed reactors. The catalyst particles are then separated from at least some of the gas product in a solid-gas separation unit to form separated catalyst particles. Methane is injected into the catalyst regeneration unit. The methane is burnt in the regeneration unit to provide additional heat to the regenerated catalyst such that the regenerated catalyst particles are at a temperature sufficient for the cracking when the regenerated catalyst particles are flowed to the reaction unit.

The present disclosure relates to a process and system for modifying heterogeneous catalysts by contacting them with chemical compounds. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to an easy and convenient process for surface functionalizing of a heterogeneous catalyst such as polymetallic catalyst including bimetallic catalyst by employing precursor of inorganic compound, wherein the precursor is organometallic compound and wherein the inorganic compound includes but is not limited to a metal based inorganic compound such as aluminium oxide. The present disclosure thus provides for easy and convenient process and system for surface modification/functionalization of heterogeneous catalysts by employing precursor of inorganic compound at conditions including but not limiting to room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for selective hydrodesulphurization of cracked naphtha streams in the form of an extrudate, which comprises a support based on an inorganic oxide and an outer layer bound to the support, wherein the outer layer comprises desulphurization metals dispersed therein forming a crown, the desulphurization metals being cobalt and molybdenum. The present invention also relates to the preparation of said catalyst by the incipient wetness impregnation method and to the process for selective hydrodesulphurization of cracked naphtha employing same.