A catalyst comprising palladium, a porous support comprising at least one refractory oxide selected from the group constituted by silica, alumina and silica-alumina, the palladium content in the catalyst being in the range 0.01% to 2% by weight with respect to the total catalyst weight, at least 80% by weight of the palladium being distributed in a crust at the periphery of said support, the thickness of said crust being in the range 20 to 100 m, characterized in that said support is in the form of an extrudate and in that said support comprises a specific surface area in the range 165 to 250 m.sup.2/g.

The present disclosure provides petrochemical processing methods and systems, including ethylene conversion processes and systems, for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compounds, with reduced amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

This disclosure relates to alkylation processes. The process involves providing two or more reaction zones disposed in sequence. In at least the first two reaction zones, olefin mixture comprising C3 and C4 olefins is contacted with isoparaffin comprising isobutane in the presence of sulfuric acid solution under effective alkylation conditions to produce a product mixture comprising spent acid solution and alkylate product, wherein the molar ratio of C3 to C4 olefins in the olefin mixture decreases in each subsequent reaction zone. In the process, the sulfuric acid solution present in a reaction zone contains the spent acid solution produced in the immediately preceding reaction zone.

The invention relates to a catalyst for a process for removing mercaptans and optionally disulfides (if present) from hydrocarbon streams, in particular C4 streams, in the presence of higher dienes, in particular C5 dienes. At the same time, the invention also relates to a process for removing mercaptans and disulfides (if present) from hydrocarbon streams, in particular C4 streams, in one embodiment in the presence of 1-butene, by thioetherification of the mercaptans with polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, wherein the process is carried out in a reactor with addition of hydrogen in the presence of higher dienes, in particular C.sub.5 dienes.

Processes to selectively crack alkyne compounds from a hydrocarbon stream including olefinic and di-olefinic compounds are described. The process includes contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a supported CuO catalyst under conditions sufficient to crack the alkynes to form a product stream that included cracked compounds and further separating the cracked organic compounds from the hydrocarbon stream.

Process for the removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon feed comprising at least one olefin selected from the C3, C4, C5 and optionally C6 olefins and mixtures thereof comprising solvent extraction comprising monitoring the degradation of the solvent.

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

Provided herein are processes for ethylene oligomerization in the presence of an ionic liquid catalyst and a co-catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon product comprising C.sub.10-C.sub.55 oligomers.

A method of catalytically cracking liquid hydrocarbons is disclosed. The method includes the use of one or more radial flow moving bed reactors. The method may include mixing a liquid hydrocarbon stream comprising primarily C5 and C6 hydrocarbons with water or a dry gas to form a feed mixture and flowing the feed mixture into the one or more radial flow moving bed reactors in a manner so that the feed mixture flows radially inward or radially outward through the moving catalyst bed and thereby contacts the catalyst particles under reaction conditions to produce a hydrocarbon stream comprising light olefins (C2 to C4 olefins).

The invention concerns a process for the production of middle distillates, comprising at least one step for the catalytic oligomerization of a feed comprising olefins containing 3 to 9 carbon atoms, in which the reaction section comprises at least two reactors which are positioned in series and which can be permutated, each containing at least one oligomerization catalyst for the oligomerization reactions, said catalysts being identical or different, and in which the reactor which is the furthest downstream in the direction of movement of said feed comprising olefins contains the catalyst with a period of service which is shorter than the period of service of the catalysts present in the other reactors and is operated at an average temperature (WABTn) which is lower than the average temperature (WABTn1) of the reactor directly preceding it, the difference between said average temperatures being at least 10 C. (WABTn1WABTn10 C.).