Disclosed herewith is a method of providing N-hydroxycarboxamide compound-based metabolic inhibitor composition, which has demonstrated efficacy for inhibiting sulfide production, under anaerobic conditions. This composition is suitable for use in downhole, drilling and exploration application environments and other harsh environment applications, including mining, industrial extraction of metals and sewage treatment, as well as non-harsh environment applications.

A method of removing oxygenates from a hydrocarbon stream comprises passing a hydrocarbon stream to a caustic tower having a plurality of loops, contacting the hydrocarbon stream with a sulfided catalyst between a first loop of the plurality of loops and a second loop of the plurality of loops to produce a reaction product, passing the reaction product to the second loop, removing at least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide in the second loop of the caustic tower to produce a product stream, and separating the product stream into a plurality of hydrocarbon streams in a separation zone located downstream of the caustic tower. The hydrocarbon stream comprises hydrocarbons, oxygen containing components, and sulfur containing compounds. At least a portion of the sulfur compounds react in the presence of the sulfided catalyst to produce hydrogen sulfide in the reaction product.

Methods and systems are described for improving the efficiency and reducing the carbon intensity of transportation fuels produced from heavy oil extracted with the steam injection process, by replacing natural gas from fossil fuel sources with a substitute renewable gas produced from solid carbonaceous materials while co-producing a solid carbonaceous byproduct.

An apparatus and method for mixing a hydrogen sulfide scavenger with crude oil within a pipeline are disclosed. The hydrogen sulfide scavenger and the crude oil can be passed through a plurality of baffles disposed at spaced apart locations within the pipeline. The baffles can be used as an in-flow static mixer to produce increased circulation and flow speed which results in improved mixing of the hydrogen sulfide scavenger and crude oil.

The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods for scavenging hydrogen sulfide and/or mercaptans from fluids. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of compositions comprising a surfactant and the reaction product between a polyamine and a formaldehyde as a hydrogen sulfide or a mercaptan scavenger for hydrocarbon-containing fluids, particularly for natural gas, crude oil, field oil, fuel oil, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, slurry oil, gas oil, resid, refinery gas, coal gas, tar, asphalt, coke gas, ammonia synthesis gas, gas from an industrial gas stream, or a sulfurization plant.

Processes involving the use of a dry sorbent injection (DSI) unit or slurry reagent injection (SRI) unit to remove sulfur compounds form flue gas are described. Flue gas from an FCC regenerator, for example, is used to make superheated steam and saturated steam. The flue gas is then sent to a DSI unit to remove the sulfur compounds, and then to an economizer (or heat exchanger) to heat boiler feed water or combustion air. Because the temperature is not reduced as much as with a wet scrubber process, additional energy can be recovered in the economizer.

The invention provides a process to purify a gas stream by using an adsorbent bed and a secondary device to remove heavy hydrocarbons with a recycle stream then sent first to a vessel containing an amine solvent to remove acid gases including carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide and then in most embodiments of the invention sending the treated gas stream to a dehydration unit such as an adsorbent bed or to a triethylene glycol absorbent to remove water. The invention further provides improved integration of the process streams to allow for smaller amine solvent and dehydration units as compared to the prior art.

A process and device for reducing the environmental contaminants in a ISO 8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil, the process involving: mixing a quantity of the Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a feedstock mixture; contacting the feedstock mixture with one or more catalysts to form a Process Mixture from the feedstock mixture; separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and, discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil is compliant with ISO 821 7 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05% wt. to 0.5% wt. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil can be used as or as a blending stock for an ISO 8217 compliant, IMO MARPOL Annex VI (revised) compliant low sulfur or ultralow sulfur heavy marine fuel oil.

An integrated refinery process for removing mercaptans from a hydrocarbon stream containing mercaptans and converting by-product disulfide oil to useful products. The process includes introducing the hydrocarbon stream containing mercaptans into an extraction vessel containing an alkaline solution and passing the hydrocarbon stream through an extraction section of the extraction vessel which includes one or more liquid-liquid contacting decks for reaction to convert the mercaptans to alkali metal alkanethiolates. Further, the process includes withdrawing a hydrocarbon product stream free of mercaptans from the extraction vessel and recovering spent caustic containing alkali metal alkanethiolates from the extraction vessel. Additionally, the process includes subjecting the spent caustic containing alkali metal alkanethiolates to air oxidation to produce a by-product stream containing disulfide oils (DSO) and sulfides and processing the by-product stream in a steam cracking unit to produce a DSO free product stream.

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and compositions for providing catalysts for tail gas clean up in sulfur recovery operations. Aspects of the disclosure involve obtaining catalyst that was used in a first process, which is not a tailgas treating process and then using the so-obtained catalyst in a tailgas treating process. For example, the catalyst may originally be a hydroprocessing catalyst. A beneficial aspect of the disclosed methods and systems is that the re-use of spent hydroprocessing catalyst reduces hazardous waste generation by operators from spent catalyst disposal. Ultimately, this helps reduce the environmental impact of the catalyst life cycle. The disclosed methods and systems also provide an economically attractive source of high-performance catalyst for tailgas treatment, which benefits the spent catalyst generator, the catalyst provider, and the catalyst consumer.