This invention relates to an additive capable of increasing the gasoline octane (by 2-3 units) with minimum loss of gasoline. More specifically, the present invention discloses a fluid catalytic cracking additive composition capable of enhancing gasoline octane, said composition comprising 5-50 wt. % zeolite component, 0-15 wt % alumina, 5-20 wt % colloidal silica, 10-60 wt % kaolin clay, 5-15 wt % phosphate, and 0.1 to 5.0 wt. % of bivalent metal selected from Group-IIA or Group-IB, wherein the zeolite component comprises of medium pore pentasil zeolite in an amount of 1 to 50 wt. % and said zeolite consists of one or more MFI topology zeolite having SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 mole ratio in the range of 10-280. The present invention also discloses a process for preparation of the additive.

A method for producing green olefins and green gasoline from renewable sources, the method including: providing CO.sub.2 and hydrogen as feed to produce methanol in a methanol reactor, to produce an MTO reaction effluent, reacting the MTO reaction effluent in a plurality of separation columns to separate hydrocarbons, wherein the plurality of separation columns includes a Deethanizer column, a Depropanizer column, and a Debutanizer column, hydrogenating a fraction of separated hydrocarbons in the Debutanizer column with the hydrogen in a hydrogenation reactor, wherein the fraction of separated hydrocarbons from the Debutanizer column includes C.sub.5+ hydrocarbons; producing the green gasoline and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) by stabilizing the hydrogenated hydrocarbons in a gasoline stabilizer column; and producing the olefins by separating ethylene from C.sub.2 hydrocarbons using a C.sub.2 splitter column and by separating propylene from C.sub.3 hydrocarbons using a C.sub.3 splitter column.

A process for sulfuric acid catalyzed alkylation involving the use of surfactants which form bi-continuous micro-emulsions with the sulfuric acid and the hydrocarbon is described. The bi-continuous phase facilitates and improves the sulfuric acid catalyzed alkylation reactions. The concentration of the surfactant is selected based on the type of olefin feed. Easy to alkylate feeds, such as 2-butene, use lower concentrations of surfactant, while feeds which are harder to alkylate, such as propene or isobutene, use higher concentrations of the surfactant. In addition, increasing the concentration of sulfuric acid when a surfactant is included resulted in higher calculated RON. The use of a surfactant and a high concentration of sulfuric acid can provide a calculated RON over 100 and close to theoretical yields.

A system and a method for determining the relative value of a naphtha stream is provided, by conducting analysis on the crude oil sample, after which modules or steps are performed to estimate the total liquid yields, estimate raw product yields, normalize raw product yields, determine the value of each fraction based on predetermined values, and calculate the total value of the naphtha stream.

An on-board fuel separation system includes a supply fuel tank configured to store an input fuel stream; a fuel separator fluidly coupled to the supply fuel tank and configured to separate the input fuel stream into a first fractional fuel stream and a second fractional fuel stream. The fuel separator includes a membrane that includes a plurality of pores sized based on a molecular size of one or more components of the first fractional fuel stream. The system includes a first fractional fuel tank fluidly coupled to the fuel separator to receive the first fractional fuel stream passed through the membrane and defined by a first auto-ignition characteristic value. The system includes a second fractional fuel stream coupled to the fuel separator to receive the second fractional fuel stream from the fuel separator that is defined by a second auto-ignition characteristic value that is different than the first auto-ignition characteristic value.

A catalytic cracking gasoline upgrading method is provided. First, in the presence of a prehydrogenation catalyst, the full-range FCC gasoline undergoes prehydrogenation in a prehydrogenation reactor to remove diolefins, mercaptans and sulfides, and then the prehydrogenation product undergoes selective hydrodesulfurization in the presence of a hydrodesulfurization-isomerization catalyst, and straight-chain olefins are isomerized into single-branched olefins or single-branched alkanes, thus obtaining a low-olefin, ultralow-sulfur and high-octane clean gasoline product.

A process is provided for the catalytic cracking of a glyceride oil feedstock with a catalyst composition containing a deactivated phosphorus-containing ZSM-5 light olefins selective additive.

Provided is a fuel reforming system that can convert gasoline into alcohol in a vehicle. Provided is a fuel reforming system (1) equipped with a reformer (15) having a reforming catalyst (152) that uses air to reform gasoline to produce alcohol, a mixer (14) which mixes gasoline and air and supplies the mixture to the reformer (15), and a condenser (16) which separates the gas produced in the reformer (15) into a gas phase and a condensed phase of which reformed fuel is the primary constituent; wherein the fuel reforming system (1) is characterized in that the reforming catalyst (152) is configured including a main catalyst for extracting hydrogen atoms from the hydrocarbons in the gasoline to produce alkyl radicals, and a catalytic promoter for reducing alkyl hydroperoxides produced from the alkyl radicals to produce alcohol.

A process of reforming a diesel feedstock to convert diesel to a gasoline blending component may include desulfurizing and denitrogenizing the diesel feedstock to reduce the sulfur and nitrogen content; and then hydrocracking the diesel feedstock over a metal containing zeolitic catalyst to produce an isomerate fraction. The diesel feedstock may have boiling points ranging from 200 to 360° C.

Gasoline fuel and method of making and using it. The fuel comprises from 5 to 20 vol.-% paraffinic hydrocarbons originating from biological oils, fats, or derivatives or combinations thereof. Further, it comprises oxygenates, such as ethanol present in a concentration of about 5 to 15 vol.-%; or iso-butanol present in a concentration of 5 to 20 vol.-%, preferably about 10 to 17 vol.-%; or ETBE present in a concentration of 7 to 25 vol.-%, preferably about 15 to 22 vol.-%. The bioenergy content of the gasoline is at least 14 Energy equivalent percentage (E.sub.eqv-%) calculated based on the heating values given in the European Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC. By means of the invention, fuels with a high bioenergy content are provided which can be used in conventional gasoline-fuelled automotive engines.