The present invention relates to a process for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock, said process comprising combusting a first carbonaceous feedstock having high calorific value with low ash and high hydrogen content, to produce a heated effluent; carrying the heated effluent to second reactor where the heated effluent reacts with a second carbonaceous feedstock, having low calorific value with high ash and low hydrogen content, to produce synthesis gas. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock, comprising a first reactor (3), having a first feedstock inlet port (1), a oxygen or air inlet port (2), a steam inlet port (9), a ash removal port (7), and a solid recycle port (6); a first cyclone separator (5) connected to the first reactor (3) through a first cyclone separator inlet port (4); a second reactor (16), having a second feedstock inlet port (10), and a ash removal port (15), the second reactor is connected to the first cyclone separator (5) through a gaseous inlet port (8); and a second cyclone separator (12), having a fine particles removal port (13), and an effluent port (14), wherein the second cyclone separator is connected to the second reactor through a second cyclone separator inlet port (11).

The present invention relates to a process for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock, said process comprising combusting a first carbonaceous feedstock having high calorific value with low ash and high hydrogen content, to produce a heated effluent; carrying the heated effluent to second reactor where the heated effluent reacts with a second carbonaceous feedstock, having low calorific value with high ash and low hydrogen content, to produce synthesis gas. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock, comprising a first reactor (3), having a first feedstock inlet port (1), a oxygen or air inlet port (2), a steam inlet port (9), a ash removal port (7), and a solid recycle port (6); a first cyclone separator (5) connected to the first reactor (3) through a first cyclone separator inlet port (4); a second reactor (16), having a second feedstock inlet port (10), and a ash removal port (15), the second reactor is connected to the first cyclone separator (5) through a gaseous inlet port (8); and a second cyclone separator (12), having a fine particles removal port (13), and an effluent port (14), wherein the second cyclone separator is connected to the second reactor through a second cyclone separator inlet port (11).

A method for converting carbonaceous raw materials and in particular biomass into hydrogen, includes the steps of: gasification of the carbon-containing raw materials in a gasifier, wherein heated water vapour is introduced into the gasifier and used for gasification; and cleaning of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas produced in the gasification, wherein the gasification is an allothermal gasification and the heated water vapour is used both as gasification agent and as heat carrier for the gasification, wherein energy not used for H2 production is at least partially reused for the production and/or superheating of water vapour.

A method for converting carbonaceous raw materials and in particular biomass into hydrogen, includes the steps of: gasification of the carbon-containing raw materials in a gasifier, wherein heated water vapour is introduced into the gasifier and used for gasification; and cleaning of the hydrogen-containing synthesis gas produced in the gasification, wherein the gasification is an allothermal gasification and the heated water vapour is used both as gasification agent and as heat carrier for the gasification, wherein energy not used for H2 production is at least partially reused for the production and/or superheating of water vapour.

The present invention concerns a reactor (1) for the gasification of organic material included in composite raw material and the separation of gasified organic material from inorganic material included in the composite raw material, the reactor comprising at least one reaction chamber (2) and at least one rotor (3), said reaction chamber (2) comprising at least one housing (6, 6a, 6b) that is sealed in relation to the surroundings and has at least one inlet opening (8a, 8b, 8c) and at least one outlet opening (9a, 9b) and said rotor (3) comprising at least one shaft (5). Said housing (6, 6a, 6b) is in heat exchanging contact with at least one channel (20) intended to convey gas for heat exchange between the gas and said housing (6, 6a, 6b). Said housing (6, 6a, 6b) is preferably cylindrical and has a primarily circular cross-section in a plane that is primarily perpendicular to a principal direction of extension of said at least one shaft (5), said channel (20) being in contact with at least one-third of the radial external envelope surface of said housing (6, 6a, 6b) and in addition entirely or partly surrounding said at least one inlet opening (8a, 8b, 8c). At least a first part of said rotor (3) is situated in said housing (6, 6a, 6b) and said shaft (5) extends in only one direction from said first part through and out of said housing (6, 6a, 6b). The present invention also concerns a method of increasing the efficiency in the reactor (1) and the use of the reactor (1).

The present invention concerns a reactor (1) for the gasification of organic material included in composite raw material and the separation of gasified organic material from inorganic material included in the composite raw material, the reactor comprising at least one reaction chamber (2) and at least one rotor (3), said reaction chamber (2) comprising at least one housing (6, 6a, 6b) that is sealed in relation to the surroundings and has at least one inlet opening (8a, 8b, 8c) and at least one outlet opening (9a, 9b) and said rotor (3) comprising at least one shaft (5). Said housing (6, 6a, 6b) is in heat exchanging contact with at least one channel (20) intended to convey gas for heat exchange between the gas and said housing (6, 6a, 6b). Said housing (6, 6a, 6b) is preferably cylindrical and has a primarily circular cross-section in a plane that is primarily perpendicular to a principal direction of extension of said at least one shaft (5), said channel (20) being in contact with at least one-third of the radial external envelope surface of said housing (6, 6a, 6b) and in addition entirely or partly surrounding said at least one inlet opening (8a, 8b, 8c). At least a first part of said rotor (3) is situated in said housing (6, 6a, 6b) and said shaft (5) extends in only one direction from said first part through and out of said housing (6, 6a, 6b). The present invention also concerns a method of increasing the efficiency in the reactor (1) and the use of the reactor (1).

Process for gasifying an organic material, comprising the following steps: subjecting an organic material to a drying phase to reduce its humidity content and obtain dry organic material and steam, and extracting said steam; subjecting the dry organic material to pyrolysis and generating a pyrolysis gas and a carbonaceous solid residue from the dry organic material, the pyrolysis gas containing a tar fraction; separating the pyrolysis gas from the carbonaceous solid residue, wherein separating the pyrolysis gas comprises extracting the pyrolysis gas and conveying it separately from the carbonaceous solid residue generated by the pyrolysis; subjecting the pyrolysis gas to a thermochemical treatment; and, after the thermochemical treatment, causing the treated pyrolysis gas to penetrate through a reducing bed (31) composed of the carbonaceous solid residue generated by the pyrolysis, and producing a synthesis gas. Subjecting the pyrolysis gas to a thermochemical treatment comprises: subjecting the pyrolysis gas to a first combustion with a gasifying agent under sub-stoichiometric conditions by using ejecting nozzles (25) arranged below and upstream of the reducing bed (31), and obtaining the cracking of the tar fraction contained in the pyrolysis gas; and subjecting the pyrolysis gas to a second combustion introducing an additional gasifying agent in a chamber (20) arranged above and downstream of the ejecting nozzles (25) and upstream of an interface (23) separating the chamber (20) from the reducing bed (31), and completing the combustion of the tar fraction until the pyrolysis gas is fully converted to CO.sub.2, H.sub.2O(g) and heat.

Process for gasifying an organic material, comprising the following steps: subjecting an organic material to a drying phase to reduce its humidity content and obtain dry organic material and steam, and extracting said steam; subjecting the dry organic material to pyrolysis and generating a pyrolysis gas and a carbonaceous solid residue from the dry organic material, the pyrolysis gas containing a tar fraction; separating the pyrolysis gas from the carbonaceous solid residue, wherein separating the pyrolysis gas comprises extracting the pyrolysis gas and conveying it separately from the carbonaceous solid residue generated by the pyrolysis; subjecting the pyrolysis gas to a thermochemical treatment; and, after the thermochemical treatment, causing the treated pyrolysis gas to penetrate through a reducing bed (31) composed of the carbonaceous solid residue generated by the pyrolysis, and producing a synthesis gas. Subjecting the pyrolysis gas to a thermochemical treatment comprises: subjecting the pyrolysis gas to a first combustion with a gasifying agent under sub-stoichiometric conditions by using ejecting nozzles (25) arranged below and upstream of the reducing bed (31), and obtaining the cracking of the tar fraction contained in the pyrolysis gas; and subjecting the pyrolysis gas to a second combustion introducing an additional gasifying agent in a chamber (20) arranged above and downstream of the ejecting nozzles (25) and upstream of an interface (23) separating the chamber (20) from the reducing bed (31), and completing the combustion of the tar fraction until the pyrolysis gas is fully converted to CO.sub.2, H.sub.2O(g) and heat.