A process for pressurizing bulk material in a hopper; wherein the hopper is configured as a lock hopper (29) containing a bulk material, a source of pressurized gas, lines (22, 26, 28) to convey the pressurized gas from the source to one or more inlets (30) of the lock hopper, a valve arranged in the lines, wherein the opening position of said valve (34, 35) is controlled to provide pressurizing gas to the lock hopper at a preset constant gas volume flow rate.

A process for pressurizing bulk material in a hopper; wherein the hopper is configured as a lock hopper (29) containing a bulk material, a source of pressurized gas, lines (22, 26, 28) to convey the pressurized gas from the source to one or more inlets (30) of the lock hopper, a valve arranged in the lines, wherein the opening position of said valve (34, 35) is controlled to provide pressurizing gas to the lock hopper at a preset constant gas volume flow rate.

A pulverized coal gasification furnace with multi-level feeding of high speed circulating gasification agent which includes a pulverized coal gasification furnace and a gasification method. The present invention solves the existing problems in short life of burner, uneven slag deposition on the surface of the gasification device which causes burning and corrosion, and uneven temperature distribution along the height direction. The steps are: 1. setting parameters for the gasification chamber; 2. feeding pulverized coal; 3. burning pulverized coal to form molten slag; 4. gasification process of molten slag inside the gasification furnace; 5. removing slag. In the present invention, the furnace body is divided into different levels for the gasification agent, the internal temperature of the furnace along the height direction is evenly distributed, and the furnace is applicable to the coal types which has severe change in ash viscosity in response to temperature changes.

A pulverized coal gasification furnace with multi-level feeding of high speed circulating gasification agent which includes a pulverized coal gasification furnace and a gasification method. The present invention solves the existing problems in short life of burner, uneven slag deposition on the surface of the gasification device which causes burning and corrosion, and uneven temperature distribution along the height direction. The steps are: 1. setting parameters for the gasification chamber; 2. feeding pulverized coal; 3. burning pulverized coal to form molten slag; 4. gasification process of molten slag inside the gasification furnace; 5. removing slag. In the present invention, the furnace body is divided into different levels for the gasification agent, the internal temperature of the furnace along the height direction is evenly distributed, and the furnace is applicable to the coal types which has severe change in ash viscosity in response to temperature changes.

An integrated plant to generate chemical grade syngas from a steam biomass reforming in a multiple stage bio reforming reactor for use with either a high temperature or low temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to produce fuel from biomass is discussed. The first stage has a reactor to cause a chemical devolatilization of a biomass feedstock from the biomass feedstock supply lines into its constituent gases of CO, H2, CO2, CH4, tars, chars, and other components into a raw syngas mixture. A second stage performs further reforming of the raw syngas from the first stage into the chemical grade syngas by further applying heat and pressure to chemically crack at least the tars, reform the CH4, or a combination of both, into their corresponding syngas molecules. The second stage feeds the chemical grade syngas derived from the biomass feedstock to the downstream Fischer-Tropsch train to produce the fuel from the biomass. One or more recycle loops supply tail gas or FT product back into the plant.

A carbonaceous substance dry powder gasification device and method, the device comprising from bottom to top a lower cooling and purification section (1), a gasification reaction section (2), a cooling reaction section (3) and an upper cooling and purification section (4); an initial cooling device is disposed at the connection between the cooling reaction section and the gasification reaction section; and a plurality of nozzles are circumferentially arranged in the gasification reaction section. The method comprises: a gasification reaction is conducted between a carbonaceous substance and an oxygenated gasifying agent to generate crude synthesis gas and ash; part of the crude synthesis gas and most of the ash go downstream for cooling and gasification, and the cooled and ash removed crude synthesis gas is transferred to subsequent processes, and the quenched ash is discharged through an ash outlet; the remaining crude synthesis gas and fly ash go upstream to mix with a cooling substance for cooling, and then are transferred to the cooling reaction section for reacting with the incompletely reacted carbon and added gasification agent; the crude synthesis gas and the fly ash are cooled and purified to remove the fly ash, and the clean low-temperature crude synthesis gas is transferred to subsequent processes. The method avoids ash blocking at an ash outlet in an upstream air-exhaust method, and also avoids overheating at the top in a downstream air-exhaust method, thus improving the carbon conversion rate.

A process for the production of charcoal comprising the steps of: a) feeding biomass, in particular wood chips, into a pyrolysis unit, in which the wood chips are pyrolyzed into a full stream comprising solid, liquid and gaseous material, b) feeding the full stream and a gasifying agent into an oxidation unit, wherein the full stream is oxidized at least partially and transported pneumatically, c) feeding the partially oxidized full stream from the oxidation unit into a reduction unit arranged essentially vertically, the material outlet of the oxidation unit being connected to the reduction unit, with the cross-section of the reduction unit increasing as the distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit increases, the flow rate of the full stream in the reduction unit being adapted to the material of the full stream and to the shape of the flow cross-section of the reduction unit in such a way that a stable fixed bed kept in suspension is formed in the reduction unit, d) removing the raw charcoal from the reduction unit via an overflow, e) separating gaseous components in a hot gas filter and collecting the charcoal, and f) quenching the collected charcoal with water.

A system includes a first steam injector configured to mix a steam and a feedstock to form a heated feedstock. Additionally, first viscosity of the feedstock is greater than a second viscosity of the heated feedstock. The system also includes a feed system positioned upstream of the first steam injector and configured to supply the feedstock to the first steam injector. In addition, the system includes a steam system configured to supply the steam to the first steam injector. Furthermore, the system includes a gasifier coupled to the first steam injector and configured to receive the heated feedstock.

Carbonaceous-containing material including biomass, municipal solid waste, and/or coal and/or contaminated soil, and/or other carbonaceous materials may be gasified at low temperatures utilizing a reactor designed to generate shockwaves in a supersonic gaseous vortex. Preprocessed waste may be introduced into the reactor. A gas stream may be introduced substantially tangentially to an inner surface of a chamber of the reactor to generate a gaseous vortex rotating about a longitudinal axis within the chamber. The gas stream may be introduced using a nozzle that accelerates the gas stream to a supersonic velocity, and may impinge on an impactor positioned within the reactor chamber. A frequency of shockwaves emitted from the nozzle into the gaseous vortex may be controlled. The processed waste discharged from the reactor, which may include a gas component and at least a solid component, can be subjected to separation, and at least some of the gas component and at least one solid component (i.e., tars) may be fed back to the feeding device so that the solids from the processed waste condense on preprocessed waste contained in the feeding device and are reprocessed within the reactor. The gas component from the feeding device may be cleaned after the solids have been condensed out in the feeding device.

A carbonaceous fuel gasification system for a supercritical CO.sub.2 power cycle system includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam and produces micronized char, steam, hydrogen, and volatiles. An indirect gasifier includes a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char, a conveying gas, and steam where the gasification chamber provides syngas, ash, and steam. A combustion chamber receives syngas and an oxidant and burns the mixture of syngas with the oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and CO.sub.2. The heat for gasification is transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand. A syngas cooler cools the syngas and generates steam and provides to a supercritical CO.sub.2 power cycle system that performs a supercritical CO.sub.2 power cycle for generating power.