A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P1) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M21) and pyrolysis gas (M22) are formed. In a second process stage (P2), the pyrolysis coke (M21) from the first process stage (P1) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M24) is formed, and slag and other residues (M91, M92, M93, M94) are removed. In a third process stage (P3), the synthesis gas (M24) from the second process stage (P2) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M60), which are discharged. The three process stages (P1, P2, P3) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M25) from the third process stage (P3) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P1), and/or the second process stage (P2), and pyrolysis gas (M22) from the first process stage (P1) is passed into the second process stage (P2), and/or the third process stage (P3).

The present invention relates generally to processes for hydromethanating a carbonaceous feedstock in a hydromethanation reactor to a methane-enriched raw product stream, and more specifically to processing of solid char by-product removed from the hydromethanation reactor to improve the carbon utilization and thermal efficiency and economics of the overall process by co-producing electric power and steam from the by-product char in addition to the end-product pipeline quality substitute natural gas.

A system and process for the resultant gas constituent-controlled gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock uses a feedback loop-controlled pyrolysis step to produce a stable and predictable gas product from a variable or unknown feedstock, such as MSW, that may include methane, ethane, and other desirable hydrocarbon gases for running subsystems and a solid product, that includes activated Carbon or Carbon which is further processed by an incomplete combustion step into Carbon Monoxide for commercial purposes and even further processed by a Water Gas Shift Reaction subsystem, into Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen for commercial purposes.

Provided is a method for manufacturing syngas including (S1) heat-treating organic wastes under hydrogen and a catalyst in a first reactor; (S2) separating the catalyst and the hydrogen from a product of (S1) and recovering a first mixed gas from which the catalyst and the hydrogen have been removed; (S3) reforming the first mixed gas recovered in (S2) with water vapor to form a product; (S4) separating carbon dioxide from a product of (S3) and recovering a second mixed gas from which the carbon dioxide has been removed; (S5) converting the carbon dioxide separated in (S4) into carbon monoxide through a reverse Boudouard reaction in the second reactor; and (S6) mixing the hydrogen separated in (S2), the mixed gas recovered in (S4), and the carbon monoxide converted in (S5) to produce syngas.

The present invention relates generally to processes for hydromethanating a carbonaceous feedstock in a hydromethanation reactor to a methane-enriched raw product stream, and more specifically to processing of solid char by-product removed from the hydromethanation reactor to improve the carbon utilization and thermal efficiency of the overall process and thereby lower the net costs of the end-product pipeline quality substitute natural gas.

Biomass gasification apparatus includes: gasification reaction furnace; upper supply unit configured to supply woody biomass and inert gas from above through feeding hole to furnace; lower supply unit configured to supply mixed gas containing inert gas from below to furnace; sensor configured to detect clogged state in which biomass is clogged in hole; and controller configured to control supply units to regulate upper supply flow rate of inert gas supplied by upper supply unit and lower supply flow rate of inert gas supplied by lower supply unit based on detection result by sensor. When clogged state is detected, controller increases upper supply flow rate to be higher than first flow rate and decreases lower supply flow rate to be lower than second flow rate so that sum of upper supply flow rate and lower supply flow rate is maintained at predetermined flow rate.

The present disclosure provides a burner for a reduction reactor, the reduction reactor has a reaction space formed therein, wherein each burner has a fuel feeding hole and multiple oxygen feeding holes formed therein, wherein each burner has an elongate combustion space formed at one end of a head portion thereof, the combustion space fluid-communicating with the reaction space of the reactor, wherein the elongate combustion space has a length such that oxygen supplied from the oxygen feeding holes thereto is completely consumed via oxidation or combustion with fuels supplied from the fuel feeding hole thereto only in the elongate combustion space upon igniting the burner.

Disclosed embodiments provide a system and method for producing hydrocarbons from biomass. Certain embodiments of the method are particularly useful for producing substitute natural gas from forestry residues. Certain disclosed embodiments of the method convert a biomass feedstock into a product hydrocarbon by hydropyrolysis. Catalytic conversion of the resulting pyrolysis gas to the product hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide occurs in the presence of hydrogen and steam over a CO.sub.2 sorbent with simultaneous generation of the required hydrogen by reaction with steam. A gas separator purifies product methane, while forcing recycle of internally generated hydrogen to obtain high conversion of the biomass feedstock to the desired hydrocarbon product. While methane is a preferred hydrocarbon product, liquid hydrocarbon products also can be delivered.

A method for producing -rich synthesis gas comprises the following steps: decomposing a hydrocarbon-containing fluid into an H.sub.2/C-aerosol in a first hydrocarbon converter by supplying energy which is at least partly provided in the form of heat; introducing at least a first stream of the H.sub.2/C-aerosol into a first sub-process which comprises the following steps: directing at least a part of the H.sub.2/C-aerosol from the first hydrocarbon converter into a first C-converter; introducing CO.sub.2 into the first C-converter and mixing the CO.sub.2 with the H.sub.2/C-aerosol introduced into the first C-converter; converting the mixture of H.sub.2/C-aerosol and CO.sub.2 into a synthesis gas at a temperature of 800 to 1700 C.; mixing additional H.sub.2 with the synthesis gas for the production of H.sub.2-rich synthesis gas. In a second sub-process running in parallel with the first sub-process, hydrogen H.sub.2 and carbon dioxide CO.sub.2 are produced from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid, wherein at least a portion of the CO.sub.2 produced in the second sub-process is introduced into the first C-converter; and wherein at least a portion of the H.sub.2 produced in the second sub-process is mixed with the synthesis gas from the first C-converter. The CO.sub.2 which is needed for the conversion of C in the first C-converter can thereby be provided independently of an external source, and the entire operational sequence is easily controllable.

The method for the manufacture of bio-methane and eco-methane as well as electric and thermal energy according to the present invention consists in hydrogasification of a mixture of bio-carbon and fossil carbon in a carbon hydrogasification reactor using bio-hydrogen obtained in a bio-hydrogen production reactor from a mixture of bio-methane and steam in the presence of a catalyst and with a CO.sub.2 acceptor being a mixture of magnesium and calcium oxides. The raw gas formed, after purification, is subjected to separation into hydrogen and methane sent to a hydrogen production process and to feed a power generation unit. Spent CO.sub.2 acceptor is subjected to calcination and the CO.sub.2 produced in the calcination process is directed to a CO.sub.2 sequestration process. The system for the manufacture of methane and energy consists of a first reactor (1) for the hydrogasification of a mixture of bio-carbon and carbon prepared by a carbon feed preparation unit (25) connected to a biomass pyrolysis apparatus (22) and a carbon conveyor (24) and fed by a carbon mixture conveyor (26) to the first reactor (1) connected to a vapour and gas separator (15), said separator having a hydrogen outlet connected to the first reactor (1) and a methane outlet connected to a third reactor (3) and the power generation unit (5). Additionally, the third reactor (3) has a CO.sub.2 acceptor inlet connected to a second reactor (2) for the calcination of the spent CO.sub.2 acceptor and a spent CO.sub.2 outlet at the third reactor (3) connected via a conveyor (14) to the second reactor (2). A CO.sub.2 pipeline (10c) is connected to a CO.sub.2 sequestration system, whereas another CO.sub.2 pipeline (10d) for the regenerating CO.sub.2 stream exiting the second reactor (2) is connected via a heat exchanger (8) and a preheater (9) of that stream, connected via a pipeline (10) to the second reactor (2).