Reactive diluent fluid (22) is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or syngas) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (PDX) reactor (12) to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted (26) with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit (30) such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

The invention provides a process of alkaline catalytic cracking of inferior heavy oil with double reaction tubes in milliseconds and gaseous coupling, the process comprising: a high-efficiency atomizing nozzle sprays the preheated heavy oil into an upper portion of a downflow reaction tube, the produced oil mist mixes with a high temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst flowing downward from a dual-regulation return feeder, so as to heat, vaporize and crack the oil mist, the obtained stream containing a cracked oil and gas and an alkali catalyst to be generated flows rapidly and downward to the bottom of the downflow reaction tube to carry out a gas-solid separation; then the cracked oil and gas obtained from the gas-solid separation enters a fractionation column to be separated, the oil slurry obtained by separating the cracked oil and gas returns to mix with the heavy oil for recyclable use, while the other products separated from the cracked oil and gas are output as intermediate products; the alkali catalyst to be generated obtained from the gas-solid separation is subject to steam stripping and enters into a lower portion of a riser gasification reactor and carries out a catalytic gasification reaction with an oxidant and water vapor at a reaction temperature of 750 C. to 1,000 C., the subsequently generated material stream containing synthesis gas and regenerated alkaline catalyst flows rapidly and upward to a top of the riser gasification reactor to carry out a gas-solid separation; the high-temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst obtained from the gas-solid separation flows into the dual-regulation return feeder, wherein a portion of the high-temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst flows into the downflow reaction tube to continue to crack the heavy oil, the remaining portion of the high-temperature regenerated alkaline catalyst returns to the riser gasification reactor so as to continue the regeneration gasification; the synthesis gas obtained from the gas-solid separation is subject to a heat exchange and then output as a product.

The present invention relates generally to processes for hydromethanating a carbonaceous feedstock in a hydromethanation reactor to a methane-enriched raw product stream, and more specifically to processing of solid char by-product removed from the hydromethanation reactor to improve the carbon utilization and thermal efficiency and economics of the overall process by co-producing electric power and steam from the by-product char in addition to the end-product pipeline quality substitute natural gas.

Reactive diluent fluid (22) is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or syngas) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (POX) reactor (12) to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted (26) with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit (30) such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

Provided is a method for manufacturing syngas including (S1) heat-treating organic wastes under hydrogen and a catalyst in a first reactor; (S2) separating the catalyst and the hydrogen from a product of (S1) and recovering a first mixed gas from which the catalyst and the hydrogen have been removed; (S3) reforming the first mixed gas recovered in (S2) with water vapor to form a product; (S4) separating carbon dioxide from a product of (S3) and recovering a second mixed gas from which the carbon dioxide has been removed; (S5) converting the carbon dioxide separated in (S4) into carbon monoxide through a reverse Boudouard reaction in the second reactor; and (S6) mixing the hydrogen separated in (S2), the mixed gas recovered in (S4), and the carbon monoxide converted in (S5) to produce syngas.

Embodiments of the invention are directed toward a coaxial gasifier for enhanced hydrogen production, comprising: downdraft gasifier comprising a hot zone for converting biomass to synthesis gas; and a coaxial gas converter disposed within the downdraft gasifier, the coaxial gas converter comprising a biochar inlet valve, a coaxial char tube, and a biochar and ash outlet valve.

The present invention relates generally to processes for hydromethanating a carbonaceous feedstock in a hydromethanation reactor to a methane-enriched raw product stream, and more specifically to processing of solid char by-product removed from the hydromethanation reactor to improve the carbon utilization and thermal efficiency of the overall process and thereby lower the net costs of the end-product pipeline quality substitute natural gas.

This invention is directed to novel mixed transition metal iron (II/III) catalysts for the extraction of oxygen from CO.sub.2 and the selective reaction with organic compounds.

This invention is directed to novel mixed transition metal iron (II/III) catalysts for the extraction of oxygen from CO.sub.2 and the selective reaction with organic compounds.

An improved process for the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in a dual fluidized bed reactor for producing synthesis gas is disclosed. The disclosure uses ?-alumina as a catalyst support i and heat carrier in the gasification zone (102). The gasification zone (102) is operated at 700-750? C. to prevent substantial conversion of ?-alumina to ?-alumina, which would manifest in the enablement of high catalyst loading and high recyclability. The catalyst is an alkali metal, preferably K.sub.2CO.sub.3, so that conversion proportional to total K.sub.2CO.sub.3 to solid carbon ratio is achieved with as high K.sub.2CO.sub.3 loading as 50 wt % on the solid support. The combustion zone (140) is operated at 800?-840? C., to prevent any conversion of the ?-alumina to ?-alumina, so that catalyst recyclability of up to 98% is achieved between two successive cycles.