A process for the economical and environmentally acceptable disposal of spent adsorbent recovered from an adsorption column used to remove HPNA compounds and HPNA precursors from hydrocracking unit bottoms and/or recycle streams includes removing the liquid hydrocarbon oil from the spent adsorbent material by a combination of solvent flushing, and/or heating and vacuum treatment, grinding the dried adsorbent material containing the HPNA compounds and HPNA precursors to produce free-flowing particles of a predetermined maximum size, and introducing the particulate adsorbent material into a membrane wall partial oxidation gasification reactor to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide synthesis gas, or syngas, which can be further processed by the water-gas shift reaction to increase the overall hydrogen recovered from the initial feed to the gasifier.

The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for integrating pressurized hydrocracking of heavy oil and coke gasification. A coupled reactor having a cracking section and a gasification section is used in the method: a heavy oil feedstock and a hydrogenation catalyst are fed into a cracking section, to generate light oil-gas and coke; the coke is carried by the coke powder into the gasification section, to generate syngas; a regenerated coke powder is returned to the cracking section; the syngas enters the cracking section and merges with light oil-gas, and enters a gas-solid separator, to separate out first-stage solid particles and second-stage particles in sequence, and a purified oil-gas product is collected; oil-gas fractionation of the purified oil-gas product is performed, and a light oil product and a syngas product are collected. Yield and quality of the light oil can be improved by the method.

The present disclosure provides an integrated method and apparatus for catalytic cracking of heavy oil and production of syngas. A cracking-gasification coupled reactor having a cracking section and a gasification section is used as a reactor in the method. A heavy oil feedstock is fed into a cracking section to contact with a bed material in a fluidized state that contains a cracking catalyst, a catalytic cracking reaction is conducted under atmospheric pressure to obtain light oil-gas and coke. The coke is carried downward by the bed material into a gasification section to conduct a gasification reaction to generate syngas; the syngas goes upward into the cracking section to merge with the light oil-gas, and is guided out from the coupled reactor and enter a gas-solid separation system. Oil-gas fractionation is performed to a purified oil-gas product output from the gas-solid separation system to collect light oil and syngas products.

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO.sub.2 reformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy.

Gasifiers, gasification systems, and methods for producing synthesis gas are disclosed. A gasifier can include a gasifier body. A feeder can be positioned to feed an organic material into the gasifier body. A pulse detonation burner can be located under or above the gasifier body and connected to the gasifier body to direct supersonic shockwaves upward into the gasifier body to heat the organic material and to form a jet spouted bed of the organic material or to operate as an entrained flow reactor. An outlet can be located at the gasifier body to allow removal of synthesis gas, residual ash, and other reaction products.

Reactive diluent fluid (22) is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or syngas) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (POX) reactor (12) to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted (26) with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit (30) such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO.sub.2 reformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy.

Reactive diluent fluid (22) is introduced into a stream of synthesis gas (or syngas) produced in a heat-generating unit such as a partial oxidation (POX) reactor (12) to cool the syngas and form a mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid. Carbon dioxide and/or carbon components and/or hydrogen in the mixture of cooled syngas and reactive diluent fluid is reacted (26) with at least a portion of the reactive diluent fluid in the mixture to produce carbon monoxide-enriched and/or solid carbon depleted syngas which is fed into a secondary reformer unit (30) such as an enhanced heat transfer reformer in a heat exchange reformer process. An advantage of the invention is that problems with the mechanical integrity of the secondary unit arising from the high temperature of the syngas from the heat-generating unit are avoided.

A disulfide oil hydrocarbon stream or a mixture of a disulfide oil hydrocarbon stream and a residual oil is partially oxidized in a gasifier to produce a hot raw synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide which can be passed to a steam generating heat exchanger to cool the hot raw synthesis gas and to produce steam which can be used to generate electricity via a turbine and, optionally, subjecting the cooled synthesis gas to the water/gas shift reaction to produce additional hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

The invention provides for the integration of a gas fermentation process with a gasification process whereby effluent downstream from the gas fermentation process is recycled to the gasification process. The invention is capable of recycling one or more effluents including biogas generated from a wastewater treatment process, tail-gas generated from the fermentation process, unused syngas generated by the gasification process, microbial biomass generated from the fermentation process, microbial biomass generated from a wastewater treatment process, crude ethanol from the product recovery process, fusel oil from the product recovery process, microbial biomass depleted water, wastewater generated from the fermentation process, and clarified water from a wastewater treatment process to a gasification process.