A gasification co-generation process of coal powder in a Y-type entrained flow bed, comprising: spraying coal water slurry or coal powder, gasification agent and water vapor into a gasification furnace through a top nozzle and a plurality of side nozzles for performing combustion and gasification with a residence time of 10 s or more; chilling the resulting slag with water, and subjecting the chilled slag to a dry method slagging to obtain gasification slag used as cement clinker; discharging the produced crude syngas carrying fine ash from the Y-type entrained flow bed to perform ash-slag separation.

A process for producing synthesis gas by gasifying a carbon carrier in a slurry having a significant content of phosphorus. According to the invention, the phosphorus compounds dissolved in the liquid phase of the suspension are at least partly precipitated by treating the suspension by increasing the pH of the suspension and/or increasing the concentration of metal cations in the suspension, before the suspension is heated further and subsequently applied to the gasification reactor.

Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, methods of making the fuel feed stocks, methods of producing energy from the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles and contain a sorbent. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels. In addition, one or more sorbents can be added to the feed stocks in order to reduce the amount of a variety of pollutants present in traditional fuel and feed stocks, including, but not limited, sulfur and chlorine. Further, these feed stocks with added sorbent can mitigate corrosion, improve fuel conversion, extend power generating plant lifetime, reduce ash slagging, and reduced operating temperature.

A carbonaceous feed pyrolysis apparatus is provided including two or more hot particle fluidised beds, one of which contains a combustion zone, and one or more positive displacement apparatus for the transfer of hot particles beds. Also provided is a bio-oil production process including two or more fluidised beds, a first combustion zone carried out in one or more combustion fluidised beds in which a particulate material is fluidised and heated, and a second pyrolysis zone carried out in one or more pyrolysis fluidised beds in which hot particles heated in the combustion zone are used for pyrolysis of bio-mass, the combustion zone being operated at or about atmospheric pressure at a temperature of from 400 C. to 1100 C., and the pyrolysis zone being operated at a pressure of from atmospheric to 100 Barg at a temperature of from 400 C. to 900 C.

The present disclosure provides a burner for a reduction reactor, the reduction reactor has a reaction space formed therein, wherein each burner has a fuel feeding hole and multiple oxygen feeding holes formed therein, wherein each burner has an elongate combustion space formed at one end of a head portion thereof, the combustion space fluid-communicating with the reaction space of the reactor, wherein the elongate combustion space has a length such that oxygen supplied from the oxygen feeding holes thereto is completely consumed via oxidation or combustion with fuels supplied from the fuel feeding hole thereto only in the elongate combustion space upon igniting the burner.

A method and system for cost effectively converting a feedstock using thermal plasma, or other styles of gassifiers, into a feedwater energy transfer system. The feedstock can be any organic material, or fossil fuel. The energy transferred in the feedwater is converted into steam which is then injected into the low turbine of a combined cycle power plant. Heat is extracted from gas product issued by a gassifier and delivered to a power plant via its feedwater system. The gassifier is a plasma gassifier and the gas product is syngas. In a further embodiment, prior to performing the step of extracting heat energy, there is provided the further step of combusting the syngas in an afterburner. An air flow, and/or EGR flow is provided to the afterburner at a rate that is varied in response to an operating characteristic of the afterburner. The air flow to the afterburner is heated.

The invention provides an apparatus which consists of two fluidized beds 1 and 2 separated by a vertical divides' 5. A positive displacement device such as an auger 3 moves the bed material from the reduction side to the combustion side of the device below the fluidization zone. The height of the two fluidized beds is equalized by movement of the bed material through a hole 4 In the vertical divider, from the high temperature side 1 (zone 1) to the tow temperature side 2 (zone 2). The bed material that moves through the hole 4 provides energy to drive reactions that may occur on the reduction side. Energy may also be provided to zone 2 by means of conductive and radiative heat transfer through the dividing wall 5. Energy is provided to zone 1 by means of an exothermic reaction, typically combustion of a fuel 13 using air 12.

Disclosed embodiments provide a system and method for producing hydrocarbons from biomass. Certain embodiments of the method are particularly useful for producing substitute natural gas from forestry residues. Certain disclosed embodiments of the method convert a biomass feedstock into a product hydrocarbon by hydropyrolysis. Catalytic conversion of the resulting pyrolysis gas to the product hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide occurs in the presence of hydrogen and steam over a CO.sub.2 sorbent with simultaneous generation of the required hydrogen by reaction with steam. A gas separator purifies product methane, while forcing recycle of internally generated hydrogen to obtain high conversion of the biomass feedstock to the desired hydrocarbon product. While methane is a preferred hydrocarbon product, liquid hydrocarbon products also can be delivered.

A method for chemical looping includes the steps of introducing a fuel and an oxygen carrier to a reducer, wherein in the reducer the fuel reacts with the oxygen carrier to produce a gas containing a sulfur-containing species, within the reducer, capturing the sulfur-containing species with the oxygen carrier, transporting the oxygen carrier with the sulfur-containing species to an oxidizer, within the oxidizer, releasing the sulfur-containing species via an oxidation reaction, within the oxidizer, recapturing the sulfur-containing species with the oxygen carrier, and transporting the oxygen carrier with the sulfur-containing species back to the reducer. The oxygen carrier is a blend comprising at least one metal oxide and at least one calcium-containing species.

A method for chemical looping includes the steps of circulating a first oxygen carrier between a first oxidizer and a first reducer, circulating a second oxygen carrier between a second oxidizer and a second reducer, transporting a first gas stream produced via a reduction reaction in the first reducer from the first reducer to the second reducer, within the second reducer, capturing a gas species from the first gas stream, and recycling the gas species to the first reducer.