A method of forming a tire-forming additive includes converting biomass to syngas; synthesizing at least one of benzene and an alkyl-substituted benzene, from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the syngas; synthesizing at least one of aniline and an alkyl-substituted aniline from the at least one of the benzene and the alkyl-substituted benzene; and synthesizing a tire-forming additive from the at least one of the aniline and the alkyl-substituted aniline, the tire-forming additive being selected from the group consisting of an anti-degradant, a vulcanization accelerator, and combinations thereof.

A pyrolysis plant for the treatment of solid and liquid waste materials is described, comprising: a first section (100), suitable for carrying out a pyrolysis of this solid and liquid waste materials, this pyrolysis producing synthesis gas, syngas, and residual ash; a second section (200) adapted to carry out a separation of the lighter fraction of this ash, coal dust or carbon black, from the syngas, the lighter fraction being transported by the syngas; a third section (300), suitable for carrying out a fractional distillation of the syngas, obtaining the separation of the volatile fraction of the syngas from a bituminous residue, tar; a fourth section (400), adapted to carry out a recycling of the bituminous residue of the fractional distillation, for a further treatment; and a fifth final emergency section, including, in addition to safety pumps which will automatically intervene in the event of a system failure, all safety systems.

The integrated processes herein provide improved carbon efficiency for processes based on coal or biomass gasification or steam methane reforming. Provided are also ethylene oxide carbonylation products such as beta-propiolactone and succinic anhydride having a bio-based content between 0% and 100%, and methods for producing and analyzing the same.

Method and apparatus for converting waste solid sustainable carbon material to chemical products is described herein. The methods add hydrocarbon derived from fossil sources to gas derived from gasifying waste solid sustainable carbon material to enhance hydrogen availability, and in some cases carbon availability, for production of the chemical products. Carbon dioxide made by the process is at least partially sequestered to yield a chemical manufacturing process with environmental burden substantially less than conventional processes. Use of the hydrocarbon boosts yield of final products.

The present disclosure relates to an improved process for producing olefins from syngas. Raw material is treated to produce syngas comprising H.sub.2, CO and CO.sub.2. The ratio of H.sub.2 and CO in the syngas is 1:1. The syngas is contacted with at least one first catalyst to produce an intermediate stream comprising dimethyl ether (DME), and unconverted CO.sub.2, H.sub.2 and CO. The unconverted H.sub.2 and CO is recycled to a first catalyst section and a portion of the separated CO.sub.2 is recycled for producing the syngas. The remaining intermediate stream is contacted with at least one second catalyst to produce a second stream comprising olefins, H.sub.2O, methane, ethane, and propane. H.sub.2O, methane, ethane, and propane are separated to obtain the olefins. The separated methane, ethane, and propane are further recycled for producing the syngas. The CAPEX and OPEX of the improved process are reduced.

The present invention relates to a method and system for recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation. The method comprises: (i) mobilizing said hydrocarbon mixture; (ii) recovering said mobilized hydrocarbon mixture; (iii) coking said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce decoked hydrocarbon and coke; (iv) combusting said coke to generate steam and/or energy and CO.sub.2; (v) upgrading said decoked hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and (v) adding a diluent to the decoked hydrocarbon prior to upgrading and/or adding a diluent to the upgraded hydrocarbon; wherein said method is at least partially self-sufficient in terms of steam and/or energy and diluent.

A method and process arrangement for producing hydrocarbons from polymer-based waste in which the polymer-based waste is gasified with steam at low temperature in a gasifier for forming a product mixture, and the temperature is 640-750? C., and the product mixture is supplied from the gasifier to a recovery unit of the hydrocarbons for separating at least one hydrocarbon fraction.

The disclosure relates generally to methods and systems for manufacturing ammonia, ammonium sulfate, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, or combinations thereof, and particularly to clean and efficient methods and system configurations for manufacturing ammonia, ammonium sulfate, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate, or combinations thereof using coal, petcoke, asphaltenes and/or hydrocarbon waste products.

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas.

Multiple stages of reactors form a bio-reforming reactor that generates chemical grade bio-syngas for any of 1) a methanol synthesis reactor, 2) a Methanol-to-Gasoline reactor train, 3) a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch reactor train, and 4) any combination of these three that use the chemical grade bio-syngas derived from biomass fed into the bio-reforming reactor. A tubular chemical reactor of a second stage has inputs configured to receive chemical feedstock from at least two sources, i) the raw syngas from the reactor output of the first stage via a cyclone, and ii) purge gas containing renewable carbon-based gases that are recycled back via a recycle loop as a chemical feedstock from any of 1) the downstream methanol-synthesis-reactor train, 2) the downstream methanol-to-gasoline reactor train, or 3) purge gas from both trains. The plant produces fuel products with solely 100% biogenic carbon content as well as fuel products with 50-100% biogenic carbon content.