Provided are a char feeding hopper that makes it possible to accurately measure char, a char recovery system, and a coal gasification combined power generation system. The char feeding hopper comprises: a char feeding hopper body that feeds separated char to a coal gasifier side; at least two casing tubes (121, 122) that are inserted from a side wall of the char feeding hopper body and that are provided so as to be aligned with one another in the vertical axis direction; a radiation source section (101) that is provided within the casing tube (121) and that emits -rays within the char feeding hopper body; and a -ray detector that is provided within the casing tube (122) and that detects emitted -rays. The cross-section of each casing tube (121, 122) has a shape that is provided with a tapered section (200) having an apex angle on the upper edge thereof.

A system includes a radiant syngas cooler which receives and cools syngas generated in a gasifier. The radiant syngas cooler includes an outer shell of the radiant syngas cooler defining an annular space of the radiant syngas cooler and a heat exchange tube of the radiant syngas cooler positioned within the annular space and configured to flow a cooling medium. The heat exchange tube is configured to enable heat exchange between the syngas and the cooling medium to cool the syngas. The radiant syngas cooler includes a downcomer tube of the radiant syngas cooler which supplies the cooling medium to the heat exchange tube, where the downcomer tube includes a downflow portion positioned outside of the annular space of the radiant syngas cooler. The downflow portion is fluidly coupled to a header, and the header fluidly couples the downcomer tube to the heat exchange tube.

An object of the present invention is to provide a pulverized coal drying system for a pulverizer, a pulverized coal drying method therefor, a pulverized coal drying program, a pulverizer, and an integrated gasification combined cycle capable of stably drying a carbonaceous feedstock irrespective of the type of the carbonaceous feedstock to be used. There is provided a controller (50) of a pulverizer (10) that dries a supplied carbonaceous feedstock by using a drying fluid and includes a flow rate controller that controls the flow rate of the drying fluid within upper and lower limits of the flow rate of the drying fluid that are set to dry a plurality of types of the carbonaceous feedstock having different moisture contents in such a way that the temperature of the drying fluid discharged from the pulverizer (10) approaches a target temperature.

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

A method of diverting municipal solid waste (MSW) from a landfill that includes receiving, at a MSW processing system, a quantity of MSW, gasifying the quantity of MSW in a gasification unit to yield a syngas stream and biochar stream, converting at least a portion of the syngas to mixed alcohols in an alcohol synthesis unit, separating the mixed alcohols into one or more alcohol products, and determining a carbon offset for diverting the MSW from the landfill to the MSW processing system.

A pulverized-fuel supply unit includes a hopper, first nozzles, second nozzles, a pressurizing-gas supply device, a fluidization-gas supply device, and a pulverized-fuel supply line. The hopper has a hollow to store therein pulverized fuel. The first nozzles are provided to the hopper. The second nozzles are provided to a vertically lower part of the hopper below the plurality of first nozzles. The pressurizing-gas supply device is configured to supply pressurizing gas to increase internal pressure of the hopper. The fluidization-gas supply device is configured to supply fluidization gas to fluidize the pulverized fuel in the hopper. The pulverized-fuel supply line is provided to a vertically lower part of the hopper. The pressurizing-gas supply device supplies pressurizing gas to the first nozzles and the second nozzles. The fluidization-gas supply device supplies fluidization gas to the second nozzles.

There are provided a cyclone body (50) into which a pressurized mixed fluid of slag and water is guided to centrifuge the slag from the water, and a pressure container (51) for housing the cyclone body (50), the cyclone body (50) being provided in its vertically lower portion with an opening (50d) that opens in the pressure container (51). The cyclone body (50) is provided in its inner peripheral surface with an abrasion-resistant material (56). The pressure container (51) includes a slag receiver (51d) below the opening (50d) of the cyclone body (50) to temporarily store slag.

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

A bio-multi-reactor hydrogen generation method using a bio-multi-reactor hydrogen generation system including a plurality of carbonization-water gasification furnaces and a plurality of heating furnaces arranged alternately side by side includes: arranging solid combustibles in each carbonization-water gasification furnace; dry distilling the solid combustibles by heating from each heating furnace adjacent to each carbonization-water gasification furnace; gasifying carbide obtained by dry distillation within each carbonization-water gasification furnace by supplying steam to the carbide to cause a water gasification reaction to take place; and maintaining each heating furnace at a temperature for dry distilling the solid combustibles in each carbonization-water gasification furnace by collecting a combustible gas generated in dry distillation of the solid combustibles in each carbonization-water gasification furnace in a tank and supplying the combustible gas to each heating furnace for combustion.

Methods of sequestering toxin particulates are described herein. In a primary processing chamber, a carbon source of toxin particulates may be combined with plasma from three plasma torches to form a first fluid mixture and vitrified toxin residue. Each torch may have a working gas including oxygen gas, water vapor, and carbon dioxide gas. The vitrified toxin residue is removed. The first fluid mixture may be cooled in a first heat exchange device to form a second fluid mixture. The second fluid mixture may contact a wet scrubber. The final product from the wet scrubber may be used as a fuel product.