The invention relates to a process and system for converting carbon material into power. Carbon material 12 is gasified into synthesis gas 18 in a gasifier 16, and steam 14 is supplied to the gasifier 16. The synthesis gas 18 is supplied to a gas turbine 30, 36, 38 to produce power. Air 24 is added to the synthesis gas 18 prior to the gas turbine 30, 36, 38. Exhaust gas 40 from the gas turbine 30, 36, 38 is cooled in a first cooling device 42 with water 46 to produce steam 52. The steam is used in at least one steam turbine to produce power 56 and the steam 58 from at least one steam turbine 56 is recycled to the gasifier 16.

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock.

A gasifier system that combines the use of dirty fuels with clean fuels such as biomass. The heat created produces steam for the co-generation of mechanical power and electricity. The dirty fuels are converted in a gasifier or a pyrolyzer into various useful products that include syngas, heat, and oils. Syngas that is produced by the dirty fuels normally emits pollutants when combusted that require scrubbing. However, when the syngas is combusted into a biomass gasifier the dirty fuel emissions are scrubbed by being reformed into a much cleaner syngas/producer gas. Heat transferred from the dirty fuels gasifier/pyrolyzer syngas increases the efficiency of the clean fuels gasifier that results in increased amounts of steam for electricity/power production. In lieu of producing steam, the syngas from the clean fuel gasifier can be used to fuel an engine for power production. Other outputs from the clean-fuels gasifier include biochar and ash.

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

The disclosure relates to a rotary kiln catalytically enhanced oxy-fuel gasification and oxy-fuel combustion system—power plant including an air separation unit arranged to separate oxygen from air and produce a stream of substantially pure liquid oxygen; rotary kiln gasifiers to convert municipal solid waste, biomass, alternate wastes, coal, or hydrocarbon fuels into a synthesis gas in the presence of oxygen, carbon dioxide, high temperature steam and lime catalysts; an oxy-fuel fired boiler arranged to combust synthesis gas, in the presence of substantially pure oxygen gas, to produce an exhaust gas comprised of water and carbon dioxide; and a carbon dioxide removal unit arranged to recover carbon dioxide gas from the exhaust gas, recycle a portion of the recovered carbon dioxide gas for use in the rotary kiln gasifier, and liquefy the remainder of the recovered carbon dioxide gas for removal from the plant. In this new plant, the carbon dioxide removal unit is thermally integrated with the air separation unit or alternately the liquid oxygen storage and supply system by directing a stream of liquid oxygen to the carbon dioxide removal unit to liquefy the recovered carbon dioxide gas, the liquid oxygen thereby evaporating and forming cold oxygen gas which is heated prior to consumption in the rotary kiln and oxy-fuel fired boiler.

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for gasifying or liquifying coal. In particular, the method comprises reacting a coal with a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy bath. The apparatus includes a reaction vessel for carrying out the reaction, as well as other equipment necessary for capturing and removing the reaction products. Further, the process can be used to cogenerate electricity using the excess heat generated by the process.

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

Handling of municipal solid waste (MSW) is described. A method for handling MSW in a single waste processing facility includes receiving the MSW at the waste processing facility. The MSW is separated into biomass, recyclables, and plastics. The biomass is processed at the waste processing facility to produce syngas using a gasifier. The plastics are also processed at the waste processing facility to produce naphtha, diesel fuel, and/or lubricants. Waste heat from the processing of the biomass and from the processing of the plastics is captured and used in the generating of electricity at the waste processing facility. Facilities for handling MSW are also described.