Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

The system is provided with: a first heat exchanger which is interposed at an intersection between a rich solution supply line and a lean solution supply line, which has absorbed CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2S extracted from a bottom portion of an absorber, and a regenerated absorbent; a second heat exchanger which is interposed at an intersection between a semi-rich solution supply line and a branch line branched at the branch portion C from the lean solution supply line, and the lean solution; a merging portion which merges a branch line configured to supply the lean solution after heat exchange with the lean solution supply line; and a flow rate adjusting valve which is interposed in the lean solution supply line to adjust the distribution amount of the lean solution.

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock.

A process synthesizes C.sub.5 and higher hydrocarbons from natural gas through intermediate conversion of natural gas to synthesis gas and subsequent conversion of CO and H.sub.2 by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The process includes steam reforming of natural gas in a steam reforming reactor to form synthesis gas, separating carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas by a liquid absorption method to a residual carbon dioxide content in the synthesis gas no more than 5 vol. %, separating an excess of hydrogen from the synthesis gas by a hydrogen-permeable membrane apparatus to a H.sub.2:CO molar ratio in the range of 1.9 to 2.3 and synthesizing liquid hydrocarbon from the synthesis gas by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Provided is a carbonizing furnace capable of improving combustion efficiency of combustible gas generated by combustion of organic waste and of improving carbonization efficiency of organic waste by appropriately controlling the temperature of carbide. Provided is a pyrolytic furnace in which heating gas can be suppressed from outflowing to the outside from a gap between the upper surface of the body part of the pyrolytic furnace and the outer circumferential surface of a reaction tube where a pyrolysis reaction between carbide and a gasification agent is caused, and in which the temperature of a region where the pyrolysis reaction is caused can be suppressed from being reduced. Provided is a water gas generation system which improves thermal efficiency without using a dedicated heat source for generating water steam to be used as a gasification agent for carbide, promotes a pyrolysis reaction, and thereby, achieves the excellent heat efficiency. Provided are a hydrogen gas generation system and a power generation system which use water gas generated by a water gas generation system including a carbonizing furnace and a pyrolytic furnace and which have excellent productivity. Provided is a carbonizing furnace which improves combustion efficiency by controlling the supply amount of air being supplied to the carbonizing furnace according to the temperature of combustion gas in the carbonizing furnace, and which improves carbonization efficiency by controlling the discharge amount of carbide to be discharged to the outside according to the temperature of carbide or the deposit amount of organic waste in the carbonizing furnace, to make the temperature of carbide appropriate, and by controlling the temperature of air being supplied to the carbonizing furnace. In addition, provided is a pyrolytic furnace which blocks outflow of heating gas or water gas by providing seal portions at the attachment positions of a body part, a reaction tube, and a water gas outlet part, etc. of the pyrolytic furnace, and which maintains a pyrolysis reaction temperature by providing a pyrolysis promoting mechanism to the reaction tube. Provided is a water gas generation system which has excellent thermal efficiency and in which a combustion gas flow path is formed so as to allow combustion gas generated by a carbonizing furnace to flow through a carbonizing furnace, a pyrolytic furnace, a steam superheater, a steam generator, a dryer, and the like. Provided is a hydrogen gas generation system or a power generation system formed by combining the water gas generation system with a hydrogen purifying apparatus or a power generation equipment.

A process and/or system for producing fuel that includes providing biogas, removing carbon dioxide from the biogas, transporting the upgraded biogas to a hydrogen plant; providing the transported upgraded biogas and fossil-based natural gas as feedstock for hydrogen production. The carbon intensity of the fuel is less than 11 gCO.sub.2-eq/MJ, at least in part because carbon dioxide removed from the biogas and carbon dioxide from hydrogen production is captured and stored.

Acid gas compounds are removed from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a CO.sub.2 removal unit to remove a substantial fraction of CO.sub.2 from the desulfurized gas.

A gas pressurized separation system strips a product gas from a stream yielding a high pressure gaseous effluent containing the product gas such as may be used to capture CO.sub.2 from coal fired post combustion flue gas capture and to purify natural gas, syngas and EOR recycle gas. The system comprises a gas pressurized stripping column allowing flow of one or more raw streams in a first direction and allowing flow of one or more high pressure gas streams in a second direction, to strip the product gas into the high pressure gas stream and yield a high pressure gaseous effluent that contains the product gas. The process can further comprise a final separation process to further purify the product gas from the GPS column. For CO.sub.2 product, a preferred energy efficient final separation process, compound compression and refrigeration process, is also introduced.

Disclosed is an apparatus and method of preparing synthetic fuel using natural gas extracted from a stranded gas field on land or at sea as a raw material through a compact GTL process or a GTL-FPSO process. A parallel-type gas purification unit for controlling a molar ratio of synthetic gas and a concentration of carbon dioxide in the synthetic gas, in which a CO.sub.2 separation device and a bypass unit are disposed in parallel, is provided and, thus, the gas purification unit may prepare the synthetic gas by a steam carbon dioxide reforming (SCR) reaction using natural gas having different CO.sub.2 contents of various stranded gas fields and then supply the synthetic gas having an optimum composition suitable for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Proposed are a process and a plant for producing a synthesis gas product stream having an adjustable H.sub.2/CO ratio and a pure hydrogen stream, wherein it is provided according to the invention that a substream of a deacidified synthesis gas stream is supplied to a membrane separation plant fitted with a hydrogen-selective membrane and the remaining substream is supplied to a pressure swing adsorption plant, wherein the latter affords a pure hydrogen stream and a fuel gas stream. The hydrogen-enriched permeate stream obtained from the membrane separation is likewise supplied to the pressure swing adsorption plant, thus enhancing the yield of pure hydrogen. The hydrogen-depleted retentate stream obtained from the membrane separation is discharged as a synthesis gas product stream and if of a suitable composition may be utilized as oxo gas.