A processing facility is provided. The processing facility includes an asphaltenes and metals (AM) removal system configured to process a feed stream to produce a power generation stream, a hydroprocessing feed stream, and an asphaltenes stream. A power generation system is fed by the power generation feed stream. A hydroprocessing system is configured to process the hydroprocessing feed stream to form a gas stream and a liquid stream. A hydrogen production system is configured to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from the gas feed stream. A carbon dioxide conversion system is configured to produce synthetic hydrocarbons from the carbon dioxide, and a cracking system is configured to process the liquid feed stream.

A system for processing carbonaceous in-feed material has a pyrolyzer kiln for pyrolysis the carbonaceous in-feed material, the kiln operating in a slow pyrolysis process in which the in-feed material is pyrolyzed in the kiln for a period of minutes in order to produce primarily a gaseous output fraction; a steam reformer positioned downstream of the kiln to which combustion gasses from the pyrolyzer kiln are fed; a water scrubber positioned gas flow-wise downstream of the steam reformer; a methanation stage; a CO2 scrubbing stage. The system includes means for splitting the gas and directing a portion of the split gas back to the pyrolyzer kiln.

A syngas generator provides a pyrolysis chamber and a steam cracking unit within a heater. A conveyor such as an auger directs input through the pyrolysis chamber where a pyrolysis reaction at about 600 C releases a gas/vapor mixture which is directed through a manifold and through an ejector into the cracking unit which operates at about 1200 C. Syngas from the cracking unit can be cooled, used for co-generation power systems, generate steam, and/or be burned (possibly combusted to generate electricity) with the heat used to heat the heater.

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid biomass feed comprising the following steps: (i) performing a continuously operated partial oxidation of the solid biomass feed at a gas temperature of between 700 and 1100 C. and at a solids residence time of less than 5 seconds, (ii) continuously separating the formed char particles as the char product from the formed gaseous fraction and (iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation and/or to a steam reforming to obtain the syngas mixture. The solid biomass feed has been obtained by torrefaction of a starting material comprising lignocellulose and is a sieve fraction wherein 99 wt % of the solid biomass particles is smaller than 2 mm.

The present invention provides a method (1) and system for the removal of tar from a synthesis gas (10) using a chemical loop (23). A first reactor (20, 55) is fed with mineral particles and the synthesis gas. The mineral particles catalyse the tar in the synthesis gas to produce a mixture comprising hydrogen and a mineral carbonate. A second reactor (15, 70) is fed with oxygen and the mineral carbonate. The oxygen reacts with the mineral carbonate to produce a flue gas (25) comprising carbon dioxide and mineral particles, which are then separated and the mineral particles are recycled to the first reactor.

A method of gasifying carbonaceous material is described. The method comprises a first step of pyrolyzing and partially gasifying the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char. The volatiles and the char are then separated and, subsequently, the char is gasified and the volatiles are reformed. The raw product gas is then finally cleaned with char or char-supported catalysts or other catalysts.

Processes are disclosed that utilize beneficial reactions downstream of carbonaceous feed (e.g., biomass) oxidative conversion technologies, and advantageously under conditions (e.g., high temperatures) and/or with the syngas effluent quality (e.g., having particulates and/or other impurities) characteristic of raw syngas exiting such technologies (e.g., prior to, or upstream of, certain syngas purification operations). Such conversion technologies utilize an oxygen-containing feed or, more broadly, an oxidant-containing feed. The beneficial reactions may be carried out by the introduction of hydrogen for performing the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction and/or by the introduction of one or more hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, ethane, and/or propane) for performing the dry reforming reaction. These and other reactions can advantageously adjust the composition of the syngas obtained (e.g., as the raw syngas from an oxidative conversion technology) in a manner benefitting its subsequent use in providing value-added products such as liquid hydrocarbons.

The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a low carbon fuel derived from a renewable resource such as biomass, is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 10% by volume of low carbon fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various engine performance characteristics of the traditional fuel.

This invention relates to a power recovery process in waste steam/CO.sub.2 reformers in which a waste stream can be made to release energy without having to burn the waste or the syngas. This invention in some embodiments does not make use of fuel cells as a component but makes use of exothermic chemical reactors using syngas to produce heat, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. It also relates to control or elimination of the emissions of greenhouse gases in the power recovery process of this invention with the goal of producing energy in the future carbonless world economy.

A plant, such as a hydrocarbon plant, is provided, which has a syngas stage for syngas generation and a synthesis stage where the syngas is synthesized to produce syngas derived product, such as hydrocarbon product. The plant makes effective use of various streams; in particular, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2. The plant does not comprise an external feed of hydrocarbons. A method for producing a product stream, such as a hydrocarbon product stream is also provided.