A biomass solid fuel with reduced self-heating. An apparatus for manufacturing a biomass solid fuel including a carbonization furnace for carbonizing a biomass molded block to obtain a biomass solid fuel; a yield calculator for calculating a yield of the biomass solid fuel and/or a temperature detector for measuring a temperature of the carbonization furnace; and a controller for controlling a heat source of the carbonization furnace; in which the controller controls the heat source based on a correlation between (i) a self-heating property of the biomass solid fuel and (ii) the yield and/or the temperature of the carbonization furnace.

A high-efficiency food waste carbonization process using a carbonizer specially designed to function at a specific range of temperatures to work efficiently, with minimal energy input and designed to reduce volume and to produce charcoal that may be used as a fuel. The invention is designed to work with high-moisture materials such as food waste.

A method for preparing biochar, including steps as follows: dosing: putting pre-crushed biomass into a reactor; charring conversion: heating the reactor to a certain temperature and pressure, and putting an active group-containing active agent containing 1% to 5% by mass of biomass and a catalyst containing 1% to 10% by mass of biomass (or putting the catalyst first and then putting the active agent) into the reactor to perform solid solution charring on the biomass; and cooling: after the charring conversion is completed, cooling the reactor to 40° C. or lower to obtain the biochar. Feedstocks are abundant and cheap, farmland biomass waste is reused, and the active group-containing active agent is added in biomass charring, which can effectively inhibit side reactions and coordinate with the catalyst to perform solid solution charring on the biomass, thereby improving a biochar conversion rate and making the charring process clean and environmentally friendly.

Processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas is employed to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

A method and an apparatus for manufacturing, with thermal treatment, biocoal which is non-energent, such as functional as a heat sink, by using a conveyor arrangement housed in an essentially Thompson Converter type process space. A to-be-processed feedstock is conveyed in the process space with the conveyor arrangement, which is closed relative thereto, in a longitudinal direction of the process space. A pyrolysis gas, generated from the to-be-processed feedstock present inside the conveyor arrangement as a result of heat transferring from the process space thereto, is conducted into a combustion chamber included in the process space for burning the gas, a thereby generated flue gas being removed from the process space by a discharge arrangement and a resulting non-energent biocoal being removed from the conveyor arrangement for further processing.

A system and method for torrefying a combination of biomass and biochar colloidal dispersion is provided.

A method for producing an agglomerated solid bio-material comprises providing a particulate torrefied wood mass or a comminuted wood mass and blending with a particulate melt-flowable extract (MFE) recovered from an organosolv pulping process. The particulate torrefied biomass or the comminuted biomass is blended with the MFE to form a blended mixture wherein the particulate torrefied bio-mass or the comminuted wood mass is the primary component. The blend is agglomerated under pressure at a temperature of at least approximately 38° C. (100° F.) to form the agglomerated solid material which exhibits hydrophobic characteristics.

It is disclosed a combustible article of manufacture comprising a treated lignin composition and a combustible support, wherein the treated lignin composition is attached to at least a portion of an external surface of the combustible support with a force greater than the force of gravity relative to the treated lignin composition. The treated lignin composition comprises solid lignin and has a moisture content in the range of 35% to 80% percent by weight. The combustible support is preferably a hardwood chip, but it may be also softwood chips, coal, coke, and shredded tires. It is also disclosed a fuel composition comprising a plurality of the combustible article.

Embodiments of the present invention may provide managing waste including providing non-sorted solid waste (1), processing non-sorted solid waste in a waste handling system (21), shredding (26) non-sorted solid waste to create shredded non-sorted solid waste (27) in a waste handling system; introducing shredded non-sorted solid waste into a thermochemical conversion reactor (4); heating and even chemically converting a shredded non-sorted solid waste; producing hydrochar (22) and a recyclable materials fraction (23); recycling water (24) used in the heating and chemically processing of the shredded non-sorted solid waste in a thermochemical conversion reactor in said waste handling system; sorting (25) the recyclable materials fraction; fueling (28) a thermochemical conversion reactor with hydrochar (22); and perhaps even recycling heat from a thermochemical conversion reactor in the waste handling system.

Embodiments provide a flammable and fire-resistant carbonaceous heat source and a method and a use for the same. In the embodiments, the flammable and fire-resistant carbonaceous heat source of the present disclosure includes flammable carbon, flame-retardant carbon and a binder, wherein, the flame-retardant carbon includes graphite, the binder includes glutinous rice glue, and based on a total weight of the flammable and fire-resistant carbon heat source, a content of the flammable carbon, the flame-retardant carbon and the binder is 40-75 wt%, 10-45 wt% and 3-15 wt%, respectively. The method for preparing the flammable and fire-resistant carbonaceous heat source of the present disclosure includes the following steps: mixing the flammable carbon, the flame-retardant carbon, and the binder in a content ratio; extruding and shaping a resulting mixture; and drying a resulting mixture.