The present description relates to a method and system for generating a fuel from high sulfur fuel waste materials having a reduced SO2 emission. In one example, the fuel may include petroleum coke, a biomass constituent, and an alkali substituent. Further in another example, the fuel may include iron oxide catalyst increasing the capture of SO2.

Methods for improving the injector performance, unsticking fuel injectors, and reducing an amount of alkali metal carboxylate deposits on internal components of fuel injectors. The method includes operating the diesel engine on a fuel composition comprising a major amount of diesel fuel and from about 45 to about 550 ppm by weight based on a total weight of fuel composition of a fuel additive consisting essentially of a compound of the formula

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wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 20 to 170 carbon atoms. The additive has a total acid number (TAN) ranging from about 50 to about 290 mg KOH/g. Fuel injectors of the fuel injected diesel engine have an average injector hole diameter of less than 160 m and an average smallest clearance between injector needle and injector barrel/casing of less than about 10 m.

The present invention relates to the use of an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, wherein the copolymer comprises at least one free carboxylic acid side group, or of a nitrogen compound quaternized with epoxide in the presence of an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer, wherein the copolymer comprises at least one free carboxylic acid side group, as a fuel additive or lubricant additive; to processes for preparing additives of this kind, and to fuels and lubricants additized therewith; such as, more particularly, as a detergent additive; for reduction or prevention of deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reduction of the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimization of power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for operation of DISI engines.

A method and system reprocess soiled animal bedding material commingled with animal manure. In one aspect the soiled animal bedding material is separated in a shaker to send at least a preponderance of said manure to a holding tank. In another aspect the bedding is cleaned, rinsed and color is restored. Said bedding material is subsequently dried and a bedding product, fertilizer product, and/or compacted product is formed. Alternatively, said bedding material is dried (without a compacting step) to form a product. In another aspect, the steps of separation, cleaning, rinsing and/or color restoration may be omitted.

The invention relates to the use of engineered fuel feedstocks to control the emission of sulfur-based, chlorine-based, nitrogen-based, or mercury-based pollutants, such as SO.sub.2, SO.sub.3, H.sub.2SO.sub.4, NO, NO.sub.2, HCl, and Hg that are generated during the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal. Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feedstocks, feedstocks produced by the described processes, methods of making the fuel feedstocks, methods of producing energy from the fuel feedstocks, and methods of generating electricity from the fuel feedstocks.

A method for sorting and comprehensively utilizing municipal solid waste includes steps of: 1) feeding the municipal solid waste into a feeding tank through a feeding inlet, then outputting into a breaking device; 2) breaking refuse bags and large blocks by the breaking device; 3) transporting broken refuse into a two-stage roller screen for screening out dusts with a particle size of less than 3 mm, and hanging strips; and 4) transporting mixed refuse screened by the two-stage screen into a vibrating screen; screening oversize products by a heavy winnowing machine for separating inorganic blocks, large plastics and paper; transporting underflow products into a two-room multi-functional winnowing machine for dividing into heavy materials, light materials and medium materials. By effectively combining sorting devices, effective sorting and reutilization of mixed refuse are achieved. Thereafter, paper, fibers, plastics and kitchen organic refuse are respectively for producing refuse derived fuel, wood-plastic composite and fertilizer.

A marine fuel or fuel blending composition that includes a renewable component that can be blended into heavy residual fuel oil or marine gasoil to meet statutory limits for sulfur. The renewable component may comprise biodiesel distillation tower bottoms and/or renewable diesel comprising at least 70% n-paraffins. The marine fuel composition may also include a biodiesel. Alternatively, the renewable component may comprise unrefined biodiesel, wherein the unrefined biodiesel has been separated to remove glycerol but has not been subject to further upgrading or purification. The marine fuel composition may also exhibit increased solvency.

A method for fractionating biomass material according to ash content, the method comprising: grinding the biomass material to produce a ground biomass and sieving the ground biomass through a first screen to yield: a) a first fraction of biomass particles that does not pass through the first screen and which has a first particle size, and b) a second fraction of biomass particles that passes through the first screen and which has a second particle size, wherein the second particle size is smaller than the first particle size, and wherein the second fraction of biomass particles has a higher ash content than the first fraction of biomass particles; and optionally further comprising: passing the second fraction of biomass particles through a second screen having a finer mesh size to produce a third fraction having a smaller particle size and a higher ash content than the second fraction of biomass particles.

A solid composition comprising copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), tin (Sn) and silver (Ag), which improves performance of combustion engines by decreasing fuel consumption and levels of emission, particularly soot (particulate matter, or PM), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), in an economically efficient way.

The present invention provides a high-energy-density slurry fuel, a preparation method, and an application. The high-energy-density slurry fuel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3%-40% of aluminum-based-metal hydride composite fuel; 53.6%-96% of high-density liquid hydrocarbon fuel; 0.2%-2% of anti-settling agent; and 0.2%-5% of other performance regulators, wherein an aluminum-based-metal hydride is a composite material that disperses and distributes a metal hydride inside aluminum powder particles. The high-energy-density slurry fuel may be used as a fuel for an engine such as a ramjet engine or a rocket engine. Compared with the existing liquid fuel, the present high-energy-density slurry fuel has the characteristics of high density (.sub.20 C.>0.9 g/cm3), high heat value (greater than 38 MJ/kg), rapid ignition, and efficient combustion; and compared with the existing slurry fuel, the present high-energy-density slurry fuel has the advantages of rapid ignition, efficient combustion, and no residue or less residue in combustion products.