A method of operating of a gas turbine engine to inhibit vanadic corrosion of the gas turbine engine is provided. The gas turbine engine burns a vanadium-contaminated fuel and includes a component configured to be in contact with combustion gases. The method includes introducing into a combustion system of the gas turbine engine a first oxide and at least one second oxide. The first oxide includes magnesium oxide, and the at least one second oxide includes at least one of aluminum oxide, iron (III) oxide, titanium dioxide, and silicon dioxide. The method further includes cleaning at least a portion of the component using a cleaning agent containing a liquid vector and at least one descaling material that is suspended in the liquid vector. The at least one descaling material is an inorganic material.

The invention relates generally to a charcoal ignition fluid that is composed of a cellulose ether polymer, butanol, and water. The charcoal ignition fluid has performance characteristics similar to petroleum distillate but is more sustainable. Additionally, the charcoal ignition fluid can include ethanol and/or an alcohol to reduce the water content. Moreover, the charcoal ignition fluid can include an acetate salt to increase the visible flame for safety purposes. The charcoal ignition fluid may also include an organic ester to enhance the odor of the ignition fluid.

The production carbonaceous feedstock material from waste containing carbon sources and the use thereof in gasification processes for hazardous emissions of greenhouse gases and sulphur are significantly minimized and enhanced reaction rates are described. A process for producing a carbonaceous feedstock material from waste containing carbon sources, including the steps consisting of: (i) introducing a source of biochar to a source of discard coal fines to form a bio-coal mixture; (ii) introducing a catalyst additive selected from the group consisting of a source of an alkali metal or a source of an alkaline earth metal to the bio-coal mixture; (iii) optionally, contacting the bio-coal mixture with a binder; and (iv) compacting the resulting mixture of step (ii) or (iii) to form one or more carbonaceous feedstock briquettes, the size of said briquettes having a dimension of at least 5 mm.

A fire-starting material is disclosed. The fire-starting material may include metal powder, fibers, oxidizers, other powdered fuels, and a binder. The binder may be a hydrocarbon or a combination of hydrocarbons made up of molecules with about 10 to about 80 carbon atoms. The binder may hold the metal powder and the fibers in suspension. Additionally, the binder (and hence the fire-starting material overall) may be manually pliable between about 5 and about 50 degrees Celsius. To use the fire-starting material, a user may manually deform the fire-starting material to tear off a piece thereof. The piece may be applied to a fuel source and lit on fire.

A method for manufacturing a coal additive that is added to coal as a solid fuel to microgranulate and uniformize the coal, thereby increasing the combustion area of the coal, leading to a decrease in combustion time and a reduction in unburned carbon generation. A raw material for the coal additive is prepared as a liquid phase by placing, in a container, a fermented liquid, which is an extract obtained from the incubation of fermenting bacteria (enzyme) in fruit residues, and an emulsion of metal ions and bentonite or gelrite, followed by mixing. Coal may be subjected to microgranulation and uniformization as a solid fuel by addition of the liquefied additive to the coal. The degree of coal powder is improved to increase combustion area, thereby shortening combustion time and reducing generation of unburned carbon, leading to increasing energy efficiency, which is environmentally friendly and safe and has remarkable effects.

Biomass is quickly becoming an important feedstock for energy generation in power plants. Due to their composition and nature, certain biomass fuels contribute to slagging, fouling, and corrosion. This invention provides a novel method of reducing or suppressing slag deposition and/or cleaning deposited slag in energy production processes in which potassium-containing solid fuels are combusted. Besides acting as a slag suppressant, further advantages of this invention are that the additive has no detrimental side-effects on capital equipment, increases slag friability, decreases slag fouling rate, reduces heat transfer corrosion as well as increasing the lifetime of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst.

A method of introducing carbon to an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) used for melting steel, and a composition of matter including carbon, and made in a briquette form. The composition comprises between 45 and 96 weight percent of a carbon-containing material, between 2 and 30 weight percent of a basic oxide, and between 2 and 25 weight percent of a binder material. The method comprises mixing between 45 and 96 weight percent of a carbon-containing material, between 2 and 30 weight percent of a basic oxide, and between 2 and 25 weight percent of a binder material to form a solid material mixture; compressing individual portions of the solid material mixture into compressed briquettes; curing the compressed briquettes into solid briquettes; and adding the solid briquettes into the molten steel in the electric arc steelmaking furnace.

This invention generally refers to a new generation of fuel additives which can provide catalytic action to improve the combustion process of fossil fuels and to a catalyst among others containing an iron compound combined with an over-based magnesium compound with molecular size particles inside the combustion chamber. Such fuel additive catalysts are particularly useful for fuel oil combustion, natural gas combustion, stationary gas turbines, natural gas-fired reciprocating engines, diesel engines, gasoline engines and all stationary dual-fuel engines.

There is provided a process for operating a coal-fired furnace to generate heat. The process has the steps of a) providing the coal to the furnace and b) combusting the coal in the presence of a first slag-reducing ingredient and a second slag-reducing ingredient in amounts effective to reduce slag formation in the furnace. The first slag-reducing ingredient and the second slag-reducing ingredient are different substances. The first slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate, and combinations thereof. The second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of copper acetate, copper nitrate, aluminum nitrate, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, and ammonium phosphate. There is also provided a method for reducing slag formation in a coal-fired furnace.

The present disclosure provides a copper-magnesium co-doped carbonized wood sponge material, a preparation therefor, and an application thereof, and a method for converting plastics into fuel based on a Fenton-like system. In the present disclosure, a copper-magnesium co-doped carbonized wood sponge catalyst is prepared by high-temperature pyrolysis after a wood raw material is coated with polydopamine (PDA) and a copper element and a magnesium element are loaded on a wood sponge substrate, realizing the loading of a nanoreactor on a wood sponge layered structure, and forming a unique spatial microenvironment and synergistic effect by combining a superior three-dimensional lamellar structure of the wood sponge substrate with the structural advantages of the nanoreactor to promote an electron transfer pathway on a surface.