Compressed rich natural gas is divided into a cooling gas stream and a fuel gas stream. The cooling gas stream is depressurized. The cooling gas and the fuel gas are then heat exchanged to provide a first cooling step to the fuel gas. The cooled fuel gas continues into a second cooling step in a second heat exchanger, and then flows into a separator vessel where liquids are removed from the bottom of the separator and conditioned fuel gas exits the top of the separator. The conditioned fuel gas from the separator and produced from its influent is depressurized and heat exchanged to provide the second cooling fluid for the second heat exchanger.

Disclosed is a blended gasoline composition having an AKI of 87. The formulation of the blended gasoline composition leads to a reduction in carbon dioxide emission. The blended gasoline composition contains a reduced concentration of olefins and non-amine aromatics.

A fuel formulation having a derived cetane number of at least 35 includes a petroleum fraction and a polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (OMEx) oligomer mix. The petroleum fraction includes a naphtha fraction with a boiling point in the range from 30° C. to 178° C. The polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether oligomer mix has the general formula H.sub.3CO—(CH.sub.2O).sub.n—CH.sub.3 in which n is between 2 and 7, inclusive. A related method for reducing emissions in a compression-ignited engine includes preparing the fuel formulation having a derived cetane number of at least 35 and combusting the fuel formulation in the compression-ignited engine in place of a diesel fuel, thereby reducing emission of at least one of NOx, CO.sub.2, or particulates from the compression-ignited engine.

Marine diesel fuel/fuel blending component compositions and fuel oil/fuel blending component compositions are provided that are derived from crude oils having high naphthenes to aromatics volume and/or weight ratios and a low sulfur content. In addition to having a high naphthenes to aromatics ratio, a low sulfur content, and a low but substantial content of aromatics, such fuels and/or fuel blending components can have a reduced or minimized carbon intensity relative to fuels derived from conventional sources. The unexpected ratio of naphthenes to aromatics contributes to the fuels and/or fuel blending components further having additional unexpected properties, including low density, low kinematic viscosity, and/or high energy density.

A fuel formulation having a derived cetane number of at least 35 includes a petroleum fraction and a polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (OMEx) oligomer mix. The petroleum fraction includes a naphtha fraction with a boiling point in the range from 30° C. to 178° C. The polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether oligomer mix has the general formula H.sub.3CO—(CH.sub.2O).sub.n—CH.sub.3 in which n is between 2 and 7, inclusive. A related method for reducing emissions in a compression-ignited engine includes preparing the fuel formulation having a derived cetane number of at least 35 and combusting the fuel formulation in the compression-ignited engine in place of a diesel fuel, thereby reducing emission of at least one of NOx, CO.sub.2, or particulates from the compression-ignited engine.

Marine diesel fuel/fuel blending component compositions and fuel oil/fuel blending component compositions are provided that are derived from crude oils having high naphthenes to aromatics volume and/or weight ratios and a low sulfur content. In addition to having a high naphthenes to aromatics ratio, a low sulfur content, and a low but substantial content of aromatics, such fuels and/or fuel blending components can have a reduced or minimized carbon intensity relative to fuels derived from conventional sources. The unexpected ratio of naphthenes to aromatics contributes to the fuels and/or fuel blending components further having additional unexpected properties, including low density, low kinematic viscosity, and/or high energy density.

Fuel compositions that are low sulfur and have adequate combustion quality are disclosed. An example fuel composition that is low sulfur may have the following enumerated properties: a sulfur content of about 0.50% or less by weight of the fuel composition; a calculated carbon aromaticity index of about 870 or less; a density at 15° C. of about 900 kg/m.sup.3 to about 1,010 kg/m.sup.3; a kinematic viscosity at 50° C. of about 100 centistokes to about 700 centistokes; and an estimated cetane number of about 7 or greater.

Disclosed is a blended gasoline composition having an AKI of 87. The formulation of the blended gasoline composition leads to a reduction in carbon dioxide emission. The blended gasoline composition contains a reduced concentration of olefins and non-amine aromatics.

The present invention relates to use of Perovskite type of materials as combustion improver in gaseous and liquid fuels. Structurally, the Perovskite material consists of ABO.sub.3, A.sub.xB.sub.1-xC.sub.yO.sub.3 or A.sub.xB.sub.1-xC.sub.yO.sub.3 kind of material with stoichiometric deficiency and oxygen deficient sites. More particularly, the present invention relates to the nanosized perovskite materials stably dispersed in hydrocarbon medium and compatible to the fuel has been used to improve the combustion process and generate more heat output.

The present invention relates to a fuel composition comprising:from 35% to 75% by weight of cyclopentane,from 10% to 25% by weight of one or more aromatic hydrocarbon(s), andup to 55% by weight of one or more branched alkane(s) chosen from 2-methylbutane and trimethylpentanes, with a weight ratio of the cyclopentane content to the aromatic hydrocarbon content greater than or equal to 2. The invention also relates to the use of such a composition for supplying a spark ignition engine, in particular for increasing the engine power and/or for reducing the specific fuel consumption of the engine and/or for increasing the octane number (RON).