The present disclosure relates to a driveline for an electric or hybrid-electric vehicle including an electric motor with an insulated magnet wire and a lubricating and cooling fluid configured to maintain the durability of the magnet wire.

To provide a composition for a heat cycle system, which comprises a working fluid for heat cycle which has a low global warming potential and high stability, and which can replace R410A, and a heat cycle system employing the composition. A composition for a heat cycle system, which comprises a working fluid for heat cycle containing trifluoroethylene, and a stabilizer for preventing deterioration of the working fluid for heat cycle, such as an oxidation resistance-improving agent, a heat resistance-improving agent or a metal deactivator, and a heat cycle system employing the composition for a heat cycle system.

To provide a composition for a heat cycle system, which comprises a working fluid for heat cycle which has a low global warming potential and high stability, and which can replace R410A, and a heat cycle system employing the composition. A composition for a heat cycle system, which comprises a working fluid for heat cycle containing trifluoroethylene, and a stabilizer for preventing deterioration of the working fluid for heat cycle, such as an oxidation resistance-improving agent, a heat resistance-improving agent or a metal deactivator, and a heat cycle system employing the composition for a heat cycle system.

An aspect of the present invention relates to a lubricant composition containing at least: (A) 50 to 80 mass % of silicone oil represented by formula (1) below, and having a mass-average molecular weight of 900 to 4000, a ratio (C/Si ratio) of carbon to silicon of 3.03 or higher in the structure, and a viscosity index (VI) of 300 or higher; (B) 10 to 49 mass % of hydrocarbon-based lubricant; and (C) 1 to 10 mass % of antioxidant.

An aspect of the present invention relates to a lubricant composition containing at least: (A) 50 to 80 mass % of silicone oil represented by formula (1) below, and having a mass-average molecular weight of 900 to 4000, a ratio (C/Si ratio) of carbon to silicon of 3.03 or higher in the structure, and a viscosity index (VI) of 300 or higher; (B) 10 to 49 mass % of hydrocarbon-based lubricant; and (C) 1 to 10 mass % of antioxidant.

Provided is a lubricant, which may include a mixture of alkyl-esterified fatty acids from waste vegetable oil and a C8/C10 fatty acid blend. The C8/C10 fatty acid blend may include a caprylic fatty acid (C8) and a capric fatty acid (C10). Provided is a method of preparing a lubricant, which may include providing alkyl-esterified fatty acids from waste vegetable oil and a C8/C10 fatty acid blend, and mixing them such that a homogeneous lubricant composition forms. Further provided is a water-based mud, which may include an aqueous base solution and a lubricant composition. Further provided is a method off preparing the water-based mud, which may include providing an aqueous base solution and a lubricant composition and mixing them such that the water-based mud forms. Further provided is a method of using a water-based mud, which may include introducing into a wellbore the water-based mud comprising a lubricant composition.

Provided is a lubricant, which may include a mixture of alkyl-esterified fatty acids from waste vegetable oil and a C8/C10 fatty acid blend. The C8/C10 fatty acid blend may include a caprylic fatty acid (C8) and a capric fatty acid (C10). Provided is a method of preparing a lubricant, which may include providing alkyl-esterified fatty acids from waste vegetable oil and a C8/C10 fatty acid blend, and mixing them such that a homogeneous lubricant composition forms. Further provided is a water-based mud, which may include an aqueous base solution and a lubricant composition. Further provided is a method off preparing the water-based mud, which may include providing an aqueous base solution and a lubricant composition and mixing them such that the water-based mud forms. Further provided is a method of using a water-based mud, which may include introducing into a wellbore the water-based mud comprising a lubricant composition.

Provided is a lubricant, which may include a mixture of alkyl-esterified fatty acids from waste vegetable oil and a C8/C10 fatty acid blend. The C8/C10 fatty acid blend may include a caprylic fatty acid (C8) and a capric fatty acid (C10). Provided is a method of preparing a lubricant, which may include providing alkyl-esterified fatty acids from waste vegetable oil and a C8/C10 fatty acid blend, and mixing them such that a homogeneous lubricant composition forms. Further provided is a water-based mud, which may include an aqueous base solution and a lubricant composition. Further provided is a method off preparing the water-based mud, which may include providing an aqueous base solution and a lubricant composition and mixing them such that the water-based mud forms. Further provided is a method of using a water-based mud, which may include introducing into a wellbore the water-based mud comprising a lubricant composition.

Provided is a lubricant, which may include a mixture of alkyl-esterified fatty acids from waste vegetable oil and a C8/C10 fatty acid blend. The C8/C10 fatty acid blend may include a caprylic fatty acid (C8) and a capric fatty acid (C10). Provided is a method of preparing a lubricant, which may include providing alkyl-esterified fatty acids from waste vegetable oil and a C8/C10 fatty acid blend, and mixing them such that a homogeneous lubricant composition forms. Further provided is a water-based mud, which may include an aqueous base solution and a lubricant composition. Further provided is a method off preparing the water-based mud, which may include providing an aqueous base solution and a lubricant composition and mixing them such that the water-based mud forms. Further provided is a method of using a water-based mud, which may include introducing into a wellbore the water-based mud comprising a lubricant composition.

[Problem] An ester compound having low viscosity, excellent fluidity even at low temperatures, and a high viscosity index; and a lubricating oil base oil containing said compound are provided. [Solution] The present invention provides an ester compound indicated by formula (I). Formula (I) (in formula (I), R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 35 carbon atoms and at least one hydrogen in the hydrocarbon group may be independently substituted with a group indicated by formula (II)). Formula (II) (in formula (II), R.sub.2 is a linear alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.)