The working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine of the invention is characterized by comprising an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid with a content of a C5-C9 branched fatty acid of 50-100% by mole, and a fluoropropene refrigerant and/or trifluoroiodomethane refrigerant. The refrigerating machine oil of the invention is characterized by comprising an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid with a content of a C5-C9 branched fatty acid of 50-100% by mole, and by being used together with a fluoropropene refrigerant and/or trifluoroiodomethane refrigerant.

Provided is a solid lubricant that is non-black in color and capable of reducing industrial waste (environmental conservation), and further capable of achieving a balance among excellent lubricity, moisture absorption resistance, and corrosion resistance in a heavy working region, and a lubricating coating agent including the solid lubricant.

A solid lubricant including carrier particles including a lipophilic lubricating component that is at least one of an oil, an extreme-pressure agent, a soap, and a wax between particles of and/or between layers of at least one layered clay mineral selected from the group consisting of natural products and synthetic products of a smectite group, a vermiculite group, a mica group, a brittle mica group, a pyrophyllite group, and a kaolinite group.

Provided is a solid lubricant that is non-black in color and capable of reducing industrial waste (environmental conservation), and further capable of achieving a balance among excellent lubricity, moisture absorption resistance, and corrosion resistance in a heavy working region, and a lubricating coating agent including the solid lubricant.

A solid lubricant including carrier particles including a lipophilic lubricating component that is at least one of an oil, an extreme-pressure agent, a soap, and a wax between particles of and/or between layers of at least one layered clay mineral selected from the group consisting of natural products and synthetic products of a smectite group, a vermiculite group, a mica group, a brittle mica group, a pyrophyllite group, and a kaolinite group.

The present invention provides a water-soluble lubricating oil including a water-soluble base (A) and a corrosion inhibitor (B). The water-soluble base (A) contains at least one polyether (A1). A 0.1% by weight aqueous solution of the water-soluble lubricating oil has a surface tension of 31 mN/m or higher.

The present invention provides a water-soluble lubricating oil including a water-soluble base (A) and a corrosion inhibitor (B). The water-soluble base (A) contains at least one polyether (A1). A 0.1% by weight aqueous solution of the water-soluble lubricating oil has a surface tension of 31 mN/m or higher.

The invention relates to a method for the preparation of estolide esters from a hydroxycarboxylic acid by a reaction of addition of a fatty acid to the hydroxyl function and by a reaction of esterification of the carboxylic acid function with an alcohol. The invention further relates to the use of estolide esters as a base oil in a lubricating composition or as an emollient in a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition.

The invention relates to a method for the preparation of estolide esters from a hydroxycarboxylic acid by a reaction of addition of a fatty acid to the hydroxyl function and by a reaction of esterification of the carboxylic acid function with an alcohol. The invention further relates to the use of estolide esters as a base oil in a lubricating composition or as an emollient in a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition.

The invention relates to a composition preparation method for preparing a composition of estolides, the method comprising reacting an unsaturated compound of a type such as an acid or ester, with a saturated fatty acid; in the presence of a catalyst of a type such as sulphonic acid, the said method including no vacuum distillation step thereby making it possible to separate the monoestolides from the polyestolides. The invention also relates to a composition of estolides that is obtainable by the method according to the invention and the use thereof in lubricating compositions.

The present invention provides a cutting method comprising a cutting step of cutting a workpiece material with a cutting tool to thereby form a through-groove in the workpiece material, wherein in the cutting step, the through-groove is formed in the workpiece material by cutting the workpiece material with the cutting tool while contacting a cut-assisting lubricant with the contact portion of the cutting tool with the workpiece material and/or the contact portion of the workpiece material with the cutting tool, and the workpiece material comprises a fiber reinforced composite material.

The present invention provides a cutting method comprising a cutting step of cutting a workpiece material with a cutting tool to thereby form a through-groove in the workpiece material, wherein in the cutting step, the through-groove is formed in the workpiece material by cutting the workpiece material with the cutting tool while contacting a cut-assisting lubricant with the contact portion of the cutting tool with the workpiece material and/or the contact portion of the workpiece material with the cutting tool, and the workpiece material comprises a fiber reinforced composite material.