Methods for sterilizing a substrate with radiation and radiation sterilized substrates.

Embodiments herein include coated medical devices and coatings with salt groups. In an embodiment, a coated medical device is included, the coated medical device including a substrate and a polymeric layer disposed over the substrate. The polymeric layer includes a polymer and has an exterior surface. The coated medical device further includes a plurality of salt groups bonded to the polymer of the polymeric layer and disposed on the exterior surface of the polymeric layer. The salt groups can be the reaction product of a reactive group with an acid or base. In an embodiment, a method of making a medical device is included. Other embodiments are also included herein.

A lubricant composition with a comb polymer and a synthetic base oil has improved viscosity characteristics at low operating temperatures. In addition, a comb polymer can be used for producing a lubricant having an R-factor of less than or equal to 8, wherein the R-factor is defined as the ratio of the kinematic viscosity at 20 C. and the kinematic viscosity at +20 C.

The disclosure deals with a lubricative skin engaging member with progressive release of lubricating polymer from a water-insoluble matrix containing thermoplastic elastomer compound and maleic anhydride copolymer and lubricating polymer in concentration less than 30%. The disclosure lies in the use of the maleic anhydride in grafted form on polyethylene and the incorporation of water-soluble lubricating polymer in concentration less than 30% in the thermoplastic elastomer compound, leading to a lubricative mixture, and to a skin engaging member, with increased homogeneity and water absorption ability that assist in the lubricating polymer release in a progressive and controllable manner.

The disclosure deals with a lubricative skin engaging member with progressive release of lubricating polymer from a water-insoluble matrix containing thermoplastic elastomer compound and maleic anhydride copolymer and lubricating polymer in concentration less than 30%. The disclosure lies in the use of the maleic anhydride in grafted form on polyethylene and the incorporation of water-soluble lubricating polymer in concentration less than 30% in the thermoplastic elastomer compound, leading to a lubricative mixture, and to a skin engaging member, with increased homogeneity and water absorption ability that assist in the lubricating polymer release in a progressive and controllable manner.

The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising, as a base oil, a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same as or different from each other, represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; and R.sup.4 represents a hydrocarbon group or an organic group containing an oxygen atom, and having a number average molecular weight Mn of 300 or more and 3000 or less and a ratio of a weight-average molecular weight Mw to a number average molecular weight Mn (Mw/Mn) of 1.10 or more and 2.00 or less, and the refrigerating machine oil being used with a refrigerant selected from the group consisting of difluoromethane, a mixture of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane, a mixture of difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, a mixture of pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide.

The present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil comprising, as a base oil, a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same as or different from each other, represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; and R.sup.4 represents a hydrocarbon group or an organic group containing an oxygen atom, and having a number average molecular weight Mn of 300 or more and 3000 or less and a ratio of a weight-average molecular weight Mw to a number average molecular weight Mn (Mw/Mn) of 1.10 or more and 2.00 or less, and the refrigerating machine oil being used with a refrigerant selected from the group consisting of difluoromethane, a mixture of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane, a mixture of difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, a mixture of pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide.

The invention relates to a copolymer and a substrate having a surface, at least one part of which is coated with an epilame agent comprising at least one compound in the form of a copolymer comprising V units, N units, optionally at least one M unit, and optionally at least one P unit, linked by covalent bonds by their main chains, wherein ##STR00001## wherein W, X, Y, Z are spacer arms, T is a tracer group arranged to determine the concentration of epilame agent in an epilame-coating bath, L is a halogenated, preferably fluorinated, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 carbon moiety, A is a substrate anchoring moiety, Q is H, CH.sub.3, or a hydrocarbon chain different from T. The invention also concerns a method for coating such a substrate with epilame, said method comprising a step of checking the concentration of epilame agent in the epilame-coating bath by means of the tracer group and if necessary, a step of readjusting the concentration of epilame agent in the epilame-coating bath.

The invention relates to a copolymer and a substrate having a surface, at least one part of which is coated with an epilame agent comprising at least one compound in the form of a copolymer comprising V units, N units, optionally at least one M unit, and optionally at least one P unit, linked by covalent bonds by their main chains, wherein ##STR00001## wherein W, X, Y, Z are spacer arms, T is a tracer group arranged to determine the concentration of epilame agent in an epilame-coating bath, L is a halogenated, preferably fluorinated, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 carbon moiety, A is a substrate anchoring moiety, Q is H, CH.sub.3, or a hydrocarbon chain different from T. The invention also concerns a method for coating such a substrate with epilame, said method comprising a step of checking the concentration of epilame agent in the epilame-coating bath by means of the tracer group and if necessary, a step of readjusting the concentration of epilame agent in the epilame-coating bath.

Acrylate-olefin copolymers and a method for the preparation of these copolymers are provided. Lubricant compositions can contain the aforementioned copolymers. The copolymers are useful as a lubricant additive or a synthetic base fluid in a lubricating oil composition, preferably in a gear oil composition, a transmission oil composition, a hydraulic oil composition, an engine oil composition, a marine oil composition, an industrial lubricating oil composition or in grease.