A lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of a substantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt, where at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure, exhibits good antiwear performance, even in the presence of corrosion inhibitor additives. In the phosphate amine salt, at least 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups are typically secondary alkyl groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

A lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of a substantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt, where at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure, exhibits good antiwear performance, even in the presence of corrosion inhibitor additives. In the phosphate amine salt, at least 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups are typically secondary alkyl groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

Electrosurgical lubricants, sterilized kits including the lubricants, methods for using the lubricants, and methods for preparing sterilized kits having the lubricants therein. Electrosurgical devices utilize a high frequency electrical current to cut and to coagulate tissue during surgery. A problem of the electrosurgical devices is that the heat thereof causes tissue, such as that of a human being, to remain on the device and is generally difficult to remove, even with repeated washings. The electrosurgical lubricants have been found to considerably reduce the amount of eschar that builds up on electrosurgical devices, decrease the tendency of electrodes to stick to tissues at the surgical site, and prevent damage to the surface of the electrosurgical device.

Electrosurgical lubricants, sterilized kits including the lubricants, methods for using the lubricants, and methods for preparing sterilized kits having the lubricants therein. Electrosurgical devices utilize a high frequency electrical current to cut and to coagulate tissue during surgery. A problem of the electrosurgical devices is that the heat thereof causes tissue, such as that of a human being, to remain on the device and is generally difficult to remove, even with repeated washings. The electrosurgical lubricants have been found to considerably reduce the amount of eschar that builds up on electrosurgical devices, decrease the tendency of electrodes to stick to tissues at the surgical site, and prevent damage to the surface of the electrosurgical device.

A lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of a substantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt, where at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure, exhibits good antiwear performance, even in the presence of corrosion inhibitor additives. In the phosphate amine salt, at least 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups are typically secondary alkyl groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

A lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of a substantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt, where at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure, exhibits good antiwear performance, even in the presence of corrosion inhibitor additives. In the phosphate amine salt, at least 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups are typically secondary alkyl groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

A lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity and 0.01 to 5 percent by weight of a substantially sulfur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt, where at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an alkyl pyrophosphate salt structure, exhibits good antiwear performance. In the phosphate amine salt, at least 80 mole percent of the alkyl groups are typically secondary alkyl groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms.

A process for the preparation of at least one ARN acid or salt thereof comprising: (I) allowing at least one ARN acid salt to form during the production of crude oil in the presence of water; (II) removing at least 5 wt % of the formed at least one ARN acid salt, e.g. from the oil water interface; and optionally (III) converting said salt into an acid.

A process for the preparation of at least one ARN acid or salt thereof comprising: (I) allowing at least one ARN acid salt to form during the production of crude oil in the presence of water; (II) removing at least 5 wt % of the formed at least one ARN acid salt, e.g. from the oil water interface; and optionally (III) converting said salt into an acid.

A lubricating oil composition is provided which comprises (a) greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil of lubricating viscosity; and (b) 0.1 to 40 wt. % of an overbased alkaline earth metal alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylate, wherein the alkyl substituent is a residue derived from an isomerized alpha-olefin having from 12 to 40 carbon atoms, and having a TBN, on an actives basis, of less than 600 mg KOH/g, as determined by ASTM D 2896; wherein the lubricating oil composition is a monograde lubricating oil composition meeting specifications for SAE J300 revised January 2015 requirements for a SAE 20, 30, 40, 50, or 60 monograde engine oil, and has a TBN of 5 to 200 mg KOH/g, as determined by ASTM D2896.