This disclosure describes an ashless lubricant additive. The additive is a tertiary amine-containing compound having the following structure:

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl group having two to about twenty carbon atoms, each m is independently from 0 to 2, each p is independently from 0 to 2, for each cyclic moiety m+p is from 2 to 4, and each n is independently from 1 to 6.

This disclosure describes an ashless lubricant additive. The additive is a tertiary amine-containing compound having the following structure:

##STR00001##

where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a linear or branched-chain monovalent hydrocarbyl group having two to about twenty carbon atoms, each m is independently from 0 to 2, each p is independently from 0 to 2, for each cyclic moiety m+p is from 2 to 4, and each n is independently from 1 to 6.

Described herein is an ashless oil additive, comprising at least one diazabicyclo or triazabicyclo compound. Also described is a composition comprising an engine oil mixed with an oil additive, wherein the oil additive comprises at least one diazabicyclo or triazabicyclo compound. Further described is a method for boosting the total base number (TBN) of an engine oil composition, comprising adding an oil additive to said engine oil composition, wherein the oil additive comprises at least one diazabicyclo or triazabicyclo compound.

Described herein is an ashless oil additive, comprising at least one diazabicyclo or triazabicyclo compound. Also described is a composition comprising an engine oil mixed with an oil additive, wherein the oil additive comprises at least one diazabicyclo or triazabicyclo compound. Further described is a method for boosting the total base number (TBN) of an engine oil composition, comprising adding an oil additive to said engine oil composition, wherein the oil additive comprises at least one diazabicyclo or triazabicyclo compound.

Fuel and lubricant compositions are provided that contain a primary low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI)-reducing additive comprising (i) an amino additive, (ii) an amine additive, (iii) a triazole additive, (iv) a benzamidinium additive, (v) a benzoxazole additive, or (vi) a NCX motif additive. Methods for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in spark-ignited engines using these compositions are also provided.

Fuel and lubricant compositions are provided that contain a primary low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI)-reducing additive comprising (i) an amino additive, (ii) an amine additive, (iii) a triazole additive, (iv) a benzamidinium additive, (v) a benzoxazole additive, or (vi) a NCX motif additive. Methods for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in spark-ignited engines using these compositions are also provided.

Disclosed is an internal combustion engine lubricating oil composition which comprises (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a dispersant-type olefin copolymer VI improver; and (c) a secondary hydrocarbylamine compound, a tertiary hydrocarbylamine compound, or combinations thereof. A method for reducing cam wear using same is also disclosed.

Disclosed is an internal combustion engine lubricating oil composition which comprises (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) a dispersant-type olefin copolymer VI improver; and (c) a secondary hydrocarbylamine compound, a tertiary hydrocarbylamine compound, or combinations thereof. A method for reducing cam wear using same is also disclosed.

A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.

A composition of an oil-soluble ionic detergent that does not contribute metal ions to the composition, and which comprises a quaternary non-metallic pnictogen cation and an organic anion having at least one hydrocarbyl group of sufficient length to impart oil solubility to the detergent, the detergent having a total base number (TBN) to total acid number (TAN) ratio of at least 2:1 imparts ash-free basicity to a lubricant composition.