An aqueous solution is provided that includes an alkylated amine having an amine group and present from 6 to 40 total weight percent. A polyacid having carboxylic groups of a C.sub.5-C.sub.14 dicarboxylic acid, a polymeric acid having a plurality of acid groups, or a combination thereof is also present in the solution so as to result in a ratio of acid groups to amine group equivalents of at least 1.8:1. An aqueous solution is also provided in which the alkylated amine is 3-amino-4-octanol. The solutions provided have extended operating lifetimes relative to microbial growth, reduce staining of contacting metal substrates, or both. Some alkylated amines are soluble beyond aqueous solubility limits through the inclusion of the polyacids. A method of metalworking includes exposing a metal substrate to the aqueous solution. Followed by removing or displacing a portion of the metal substrate.

A lubricating grease for electric vehicle applications includes thickener 6% by weight (wt. %) to 12 wt. %, lubricating oil 57 wt. % to 92.98 wt. %, and surface-active ester 1 wt. % to 10 wt. %. The lubricating grease also includes additives including friction reducer and modifier 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. %, anti-wear agent 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. %, and a balance of extreme pressure agent, oxidation inhibitor, and corrosion inhibitor.

A lubricating grease for electric vehicle applications includes thickener 6% by weight (wt. %) to 12 wt. %, lubricating oil 57 wt. % to 92.98 wt. %, and surface-active ester 1 wt. % to 10 wt. %. The lubricating grease also includes additives including friction reducer and modifier 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. %, anti-wear agent 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. %, and a balance of extreme pressure agent, oxidation inhibitor, and corrosion inhibitor.

This disclosure relates to the use of di(alkyl substituted phenyl)amine antioxidants as additives in lubricant compositions having good oxidation properties in engine crankcase applications, especially in compression ignited engine and or spark ignited engine applications, where the antioxidant comprises from 0 to 15 mass % of mono-C.sub.9-alkyl substituted diphenyl amine and tri-C.sub.9-alkyl substituted diphenyl amine, and 85 to 100 mass % di-C.sub.9-alkyl substituted phenyl amines based upon the weight of the mono-, di- and tri-C.sub.9-alkyl substituted phenyl amines.

This disclosure relates to the use of di(alkyl substituted phenyl)amine antioxidants as additives in lubricant compositions having good oxidation properties in engine crankcase applications, especially in compression ignited engine and or spark ignited engine applications, where the antioxidant comprises from 0 to 15 mass % of mono-C.sub.9-alkyl substituted diphenyl amine and tri-C.sub.9-alkyl substituted diphenyl amine, and 85 to 100 mass % di-C.sub.9-alkyl substituted phenyl amines based upon the weight of the mono-, di- and tri-C.sub.9-alkyl substituted phenyl amines.

This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition having reduced viscosity and improved fuel economy comprising: a) 50 to 99 wt % of one or more Group III, III+, and/or IV base oils; b) 0.1 to 15 wt % of a functionalized olefin copolymer having an M.sub.n of from 10,000 to 35,000 g/mol; c) 0.1 to 20 wt % of one or more detergents comprising at least one calcium detergent having a TBN of more than 100 mg KOH/g; at least one calcium detergent having a TBN of 100 mg KOH/g or less; and at least one magnesium detergent, where the difference in the TBN's for the Ca detergents is at least 100 mg KOH/g; d) 0.01 to 40 wt % of one or more dispersants comprising at least one borated dispersant and at least one non-borated dispersant; e) 0.01 to 20 wt % odsulfurized fatty acid ester; f) 0.01 to 5 wt % of one or more amine or phenol based antioxidants; and g) 0.001 to 15 wt % of molybdenum-containing compound.

This invention relates to a lubricating oil composition having reduced viscosity and improved fuel economy comprising: a) 50 to 99 wt % of one or more Group III, III+, and/or IV base oils; b) 0.1 to 15 wt % of a functionalized olefin copolymer having an M.sub.n of from 10,000 to 35,000 g/mol; c) 0.1 to 20 wt % of one or more detergents comprising at least one calcium detergent having a TBN of more than 100 mg KOH/g; at least one calcium detergent having a TBN of 100 mg KOH/g or less; and at least one magnesium detergent, where the difference in the TBN's for the Ca detergents is at least 100 mg KOH/g; d) 0.01 to 40 wt % of one or more dispersants comprising at least one borated dispersant and at least one non-borated dispersant; e) 0.01 to 20 wt % odsulfurized fatty acid ester; f) 0.01 to 5 wt % of one or more amine or phenol based antioxidants; and g) 0.001 to 15 wt % of molybdenum-containing compound.