The present invention relates to polymers used as rolling lubricating agents, to compositions comprising said polymers, and to alkali metal films including the polymers or compositions on the surface(s) thereof. The use of said polymers and compositions is also described for strip-rolling alkali metals or alloys thereof in order to obtain thin films. Methods for producing said thin films, which are suitable for use in electrochemical cells, are also described. The present invention proposes an improved lubricant according to formula I, which, for example, achieves enhanced conductivity, and/or enables the production of electrochemical cells having an improved life span in cycles.

A method for producing a deposit resistant fluid includes combining a base stock and one or more additives to form a blended fluid configured to resist forming deposits in an oxidizing environment. The base stock has a viscosity index of at least 80, and either a kinematic viscosity at 40 C. of at least 320 cSt or a kinematic viscosity at 100 C. of at least 14 cSt. The base stock includes greater than or equal to about 90 wt % saturates, less than or equal to about 10 wt % aromatics, and a sum of terminal/pendant propyl groups and terminal/pendant ethyl groups of at least 1.7 per 100 carbon atoms.

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

The present invention provides methods for selecting refrigerant and lubricant combinations for use in heat transfer cycle systems and provides methods for operating said heat transfer system. More particularly, the invention provides methods to select lubricant and refrigerant combinations for a heat transfer cycle system wherein at the lower temperatures of the heat transfer cycle the refrigerant and lubricant are miscible and at the upper temperatures of the heat transfer cycle the refrigerant and lubricant are phase separated and such that the density phase inversion temperature of the combination is below the upper operating temperature of the heat transfer cycle.

A lubricating oil composition, containing a base oil (A) that satisfies the following requirements (A-1) to (A-4), and a polymer (B) that satisfies the following requirements (B-1) and (B-2): (A-1): a 100 C. kinematic viscosity is 2.0 mm.sup.2/s or more and less than 7.0 mm.sup.2/s, (A-2): a viscosity index is 100 or more, (A-3): a content of cycloparaffin is 35.0% by volume or less based on a total volume of the base oil (A), (A-4): an aromatic content (% CA) is less than 1.0, (B-1): a ratio of a mass-average molecular weight (Mw) to a number-average molecular weight (Mn), [Mw/Mn] is 1.0 or more and less than 6.0, (B-2): a ratio of a peak integral value (I.sub.10) at a chemical shift 10.0 to 11.0 ppm to a peak integral value (I.sub.14) at a chemical shift 13.5 to 14.5 ppm, as determined in .sup.13C-NMR analysis, [I.sub.10/I.sub.14] is 0.05 or more.

A shock absorber that includes a pressure tube that defines a working chamber having a hydraulic fluid located therein; a piston assembly positioned in the working chamber, and dividing the working chamber into an upper working chamber and a lower working chamber; and a piston rod engaged with the piston assembly that moves the piston assembly in the working chamber, wherein the hydraulic fluid includes a primary oil, a secondary oil, and an additive package, the secondary oil includes at least a gas-to-liquid oil in an amount that ranges between 4.0 wt % to 10.0 wt % relative to a total amount of the hydraulic fluid, and the hydraulic fluid includes a flash point of at least 174 degrees C.

A quench oil may be excellent in thermal stability and may be capable of retaining the brightness for a prolonged period of time. Such a quench oil may contain a base oil containing a mineral oil (A), the mineral oil (A) having a 40 C. kinematic viscosity of 100 to 600 mm.sup.2/s and a sulfur content of 0.10 to 0.20% by mass, the base oil having a content of the mineral oil (A) of more than 0.5% by mass, based on the total amount of the base oil.