Provided is a mineral base oil satisfying the following requirements (I) to (III): Requirement (I): a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. is 2 mm.sup.2/s or more and less than 7 mm.sup.2/s; Requirement (II): a viscosity index is 100 or more; and Requirement (III): a temperature gradient Δ|η*| of complex viscosity between two temperature points −10° C. and −25° C. is 60 Pa.Math.s/° C. or less as measured with a rotary rheometer under conditions at an angular velocity of 6.3 rad/s and a strain amount of 0.1 to 100%. The foregoing mineral base oil can become a lubricating oil composition having desirable low-temperature viscosity characteristics, including low-temperature fuel consumption and low-temperature engine start-up performance, and also having excellent high-temperature piston detergency.

A grease composition that includes at least an oil-based medium, a thickener, and a fullerene-like nano-structure. The fullerene-like nano-structure includes a plurality of layers each comprised of a metal chalcogenide composition has a molecular formula of MX.sub.2, where M is a metallic element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg) and combinations thereof, and X is a chalcogen element selected from the group consisting of sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), oxygen (O) and combinations thereof.

The present invention relates to a sulphur-containing polyester capable of being obtained by a process comprising esterification reactions between a polyol and a carboxylic acid and a thiolactic acid, or by a process comprising an esterification reaction between a partially esterified polyol and a thiolactic acid. It also concerns its use as a multiproperty additive, and compositions comprising it.

A base stock having at least 90 wt. % saturates, an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, including an absorptivity between 280 and 320 nm of less than 0.015 l/gm-cm, a viscosity index (VI) from 80 to 120, and having a cycloparaffin performance ratio greater than 1.05 and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between 4 and 6 cSt. A base stock having at least 90 wt. % saturates, an amount and distribution of aromatics, as determined by UV spectroscopy, including an absorptivity between 280 and 320 nm of less than 0.020 l/gm-cm, a viscosity index (VI) from 80 to 120, and having a cycloparaffin performance ratio greater than 1.05 and a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. between 10 and 14 cSt. A lubricating oil having the base stock as a major component, and one or more additives as a minor component. Methods for improving oxidation performance and low temperature performance of formulated lubricant compositions through the compositionally advantaged base stock.

A lubricating oil base oil may include a solid surface distance of 1.0 nm or more at a surface pressure of 12.4 MPa and a normalized peak intensity ratio of more than 0.2 to 1.0 measured using a resonance shear measurement system and a lubricating oil composition may include the lubricating oil base oil.

A grease composition containing a base oil and a calcium complex soap as a thickening agent, wherein a C18-22 straight chain, substituted or unsubstituted higher fatty acid; a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic monocarboxylic acid having a benzene ring; a C2-4 straight-chain saturated lower fatty acid; and a substituted or unsubstituted saturated dicarboxylic acid are used as carboxylic acids constituting the calcium complex soap.

A grease composition containing a base oil and a calcium complex soap as a thickening agent, wherein a C18-22 straight chain, substituted or unsubstituted higher fatty acid; a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic monocarboxylic acid having a benzene ring; a C2-4 straight-chain saturated lower fatty acid; and a substituted or unsubstituted saturated dicarboxylic acid are used as carboxylic acids constituting the calcium complex soap.

The invention provides a compressor oil, wherein 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite are added to a base oil having a naphthene content of from 17 to 30% based on the total amount of the base oil, and has a pour point of −25° C. or lower. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is effective when it is contained in an amount of from 0.5 mass % to 6.0 mass % based on the total amount of the compressor oil, and tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite is effective when it is contained in an amount of from 0.3 mass % to 2.0 mass % based on the total amount of the compressor oil. Furthermore, adding an alkaline earth metal salt of alkylsalicylic acid in combination is even more effective. The amount thereof used is preferably from 0.05 mass % to 2.0 mass %.

A method of making a urea containing powder by injecting an amine and an isocyanate simultaneously into a mixing chamber is disclosed. The method comprises mixing in a high-pressure impingement mixing device at a pressure of at least 2500 psi for a time less than 10 seconds. The resulting urea containing powders have defined particle sizes and molecular weight distributions as well as a stoichiometric mole ratio of isocyanates and amine functionalities. Methods of making a thickened polyurea containing master batch with the urea containing powders using a shear thickening step, and making a grease by gelling the first or second urea containing powder under heat and in the presence of an oil are also disclosed.

The disclosure relates to a biobased metal-working fluid (MWF) composition and method for making same, and more particularly metal-working fluid with biobased lubricants with improved emulsion stability. At least 50 wt. % of the base oil component in the MWF concentrate is a plant-derived liquid decarboxylated rosin acid oil (“DCR”). The DCR comprises 50 to 100 wt. % of tricyclic compounds having 18-20 carbon atoms, one or more C═C groups, and m/z (mass/charge) value of 220-280; an oxygen content of <5%; a density of 0.9 to 1.0 g/cm.sup.3 at 20° C.; and an acid value of <10 mg KOH/g. The resulting MWF is characterized as having comparable if not better performance compared to a MWF containing only mineral oil (e.g., Group I or Group II).